Council of Florence
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| - | :''[[Christianity and sexuality]]'' | + | |
| - | In [[Christianity]], despite the many variations in modern-day [[List of Christian denominations|Christian denominations]], there was full unanimity that sexuality in general, and [[sexual intercourse]] specifically in [[marriage]] was a gift from God. From the beginning of the thirteenth century, marriage between a freely consenting, baptized man and woman was formally recognized as a "sacrament"--that is an outward sign communicating a special gift of God's love (grace). The [[Council of Florence]] ([[1438]]) gave this definition following earlier Church statements ([[1208]]) and, ultimately the New and Old Testaments that [[sexual union]] was a special participation in the union of Christ in the Church. | + | The '''Council of Florence''' is the seventeenth [[ecumenical council]] recognized by the [[Catholic Church]], held between 1431 and 1449. It was convoked as the '''Council of Basel''' by [[Pope Martin V]] shortly before his death in February 1431 and took place in the context of the [[Hussite Wars]] in Bohemia and the [[rise of the Ottoman Empire]]. At stake was the greater conflict between the [[conciliar movement]] and the principle of [[papal supremacy]]. |
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| + | The Council entered a second phase after [[Emperor Sigismund]]'s death in 1437. [[Pope Eugene IV]] convoked a rival '''Council of [[Ferrara]]''' on 8 January 1438 and succeeded in drawing some of the [[Byzantine]] ambassadors who were in attendance at Basel to Italy. The remaining members of the Council of Basel first suspended him, declared him a [[heretic]], and then in November 1439 elected an [[antipope]], [[Felix V]]. | ||
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| + | After becoming the '''Council of Florence''' (having moved to avoid [[bubonic plague|the plague]] in Ferrara), the Council concluded in 1445 after negotiating [[Church union|unions]] with the various [[Eastern Christianity|eastern churches]]. This bridging of the [[East–West Schism|Great Schism]] proved fleeting, but was a political coup for the papacy. In 1447, Sigismund's successor [[Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick III]] commanded the city of [[Basel]] to expel the Council of Basel; the [[rump organization|rump]] Council reconvened in [[Lausanne]] before dissolving itself in 1449. | ||
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The Council of Florence is the seventeenth ecumenical council recognized by the Catholic Church, held between 1431 and 1449. It was convoked as the Council of Basel by Pope Martin V shortly before his death in February 1431 and took place in the context of the Hussite Wars in Bohemia and the rise of the Ottoman Empire. At stake was the greater conflict between the conciliar movement and the principle of papal supremacy.
The Council entered a second phase after Emperor Sigismund's death in 1437. Pope Eugene IV convoked a rival Council of Ferrara on 8 January 1438 and succeeded in drawing some of the Byzantine ambassadors who were in attendance at Basel to Italy. The remaining members of the Council of Basel first suspended him, declared him a heretic, and then in November 1439 elected an antipope, Felix V.
After becoming the Council of Florence (having moved to avoid the plague in Ferrara), the Council concluded in 1445 after negotiating unions with the various eastern churches. This bridging of the Great Schism proved fleeting, but was a political coup for the papacy. In 1447, Sigismund's successor Frederick III commanded the city of Basel to expel the Council of Basel; the rump Council reconvened in Lausanne before dissolving itself in 1449.
