Courtesy
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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| - | '''Social guidance films''' constitute a genre of [[film]]s attempting to guide children and adults to behave in certain ways. Typically shown in [[school]] classrooms in the [[United States|USA]] from the 1950s through the 1970s, the films covered topics including [[courtesy]], [[Moral responsibility|responsibility]], [[human sexuality|sexuality]], [[Recreational drug use|drug use]], and [[driver's ed|driver safety]]; the genre also includes films for adults, covering topics such as [[marriage]] and how to balance budgets. | + | | style="text-align: left;" | |
| + | "[[Reality]] [of [[courtly love]] ] at all times has been worse and more brutal than the refined [[aestheticism]] of [[courtesy]] would have it be, but also more chaste than it is represented to be by the vulgar genre which is wrongly regarded as [[realism]]."--''[[The Autumn of the Middle Ages]]'' (1919) by Johan Huizinga | ||
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| + | '''Courtesy''' from the word 'courteis' (12th century) and is [[gentleness|gentle]] [[politeness]] and [[court (royal)|courtly]] [[manners]]. In the [[Middle Ages]] in Europe, the behaviour expected of the nobility was compiled in [[courtesy book]]s. | ||
| ==History== | ==History== | ||
| - | Social guidance films were generally produced by corporations such as [[Coronet Films]], [[Centron Corporation]], and even [[Encyclopædia Britannica]], but the films were also produced by maverick independent filmmakers such as [[Sid Davis]], dubbed by author [[Ken Smith (writer)|Ken Smith]] as the "King of Calamity" for his often calamitous narratives. | + | The apex of European courtly culture was reached in the [[Late Middle Ages]] and the [[Baroque period]] (i.e. roughly the four centuries spanning 1300–1700). |
| - | Social guidance films notorious for dated or dubious sentiments often appear as [[unintentional comedy]]. Notorious social guidance films include ''[[Duck and Cover (film)|Duck and Cover]]'' (instructing children to duck under their desks in case of [[Nuclear warfare|nuclear war]], and including the famous cartoon with the turtle and the stick of dynamite to illustrate the point), and ''[[Boys Beware]]'', a film warning of the dangers of male [[homosexual]]s, actually described as [[pedophile]]s. Also worthy of notice is the hysterical ''[[Reefer Madness]]''. | + | The oldest courtesy books date to the 13th century, but they become an influential genre in the 16th, the most influential of them being ''[[The Book of the Courtier|Il Cortegiano]]'' (1508), which not only covered basic [[etiquette]] and [[decorum]] but also provided models of sophisticated [[conversation]] and [[intellectual]] skill. |
| - | ==Appearances In Other Media== | + | The royal courts of Europe did, of course, persist well into the 18th century (and to some limited extent to the present day), but in the 18th century, the notion of ''courtesy'' was replaced by that of ''[[galant|gallantry]]'', referring to an ideal emphasizing the display of affected [[Sensitive style|sensitivity]] in direct contrast with the ideals of self-denial and dignified seriousness that were the Baroque norm. |
| - | As films in this genre are usually in public domain, they have been used in more modern productions outside of their intended purpose. A number of short social guidance films, such as ''Posture Pals'' and ''Are You Ready for Marriage?'', were featured and lampooned on the television comedy series ''[[Mystery Science Theater 3000]]'' to provide [[filler (media)|padding]] for episodes in which the featured movie and host segments could not fill out the program's roughly 90-minute running time. On ''[[The Weird Al Show]]'', clips from still other films were taken and edited together with new voiceovers to make parodies. | + | During the late medieval and early modern period, the bourgeois class tended to emulate the courtly etiquette of their betters. This changed in the 19th century, after the end of the [[Napoleonic Wars]], with the emergence of a [[middle class]] with its own set of [[bourgeois]] etiquette, which in turn was mocked in the classist theory of [[Marxism]] as ''[[petite bourgeoisie]]''. |
| - | Also, some elements of social guidance film were used in [[Fallout_(series)|"Fallout" computer game series]] in order to build appropriate "climate" of postnuclear era. | + | The analogue concept in the court culture of [[medieval India]] was known by the [[Sanskrit]] term ''dakṣiṇya'', literally meaning "right-handedness", but as in English ''dexterity'' having a figurative meaning of "apt, clever, appropriate", glossed as "[[kindness]] and consideration expressed in a [[sophistication|sophisticated]] and [[elegance|elegant]] way". |
| - | ==See also== | ||
| - | *[[Social problem film]] | ||
| - | *[[Trigger film]] | ||
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| - | ==Additional resources== | ||
| - | *''[[Mental Hygiene: Classroom Films 1945 - 1970]]'', Ken Smith, (c) 1999, published by Blast Books, ISBN 0-922233-21-7 | ||
| - | *''[[Our Secret Century]]'', a collection of 12 [[CD-ROM]]s compiled by film archivist [[Rick Prelinger]] | ||
| - | *[http://www.archive.org/details/prelinger The Prelinger Archives at the Internet Archive] | ||
| - | *[http://www.archive.org/details/avgeeks AV Geeks at the Internet Archive] | ||
| + | ==See also== | ||
| + | *[[Courtly love]] | ||
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"Reality [of courtly love ] at all times has been worse and more brutal than the refined aestheticism of courtesy would have it be, but also more chaste than it is represented to be by the vulgar genre which is wrongly regarded as realism."--The Autumn of the Middle Ages (1919) by Johan Huizinga |
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Courtesy from the word 'courteis' (12th century) and is gentle politeness and courtly manners. In the Middle Ages in Europe, the behaviour expected of the nobility was compiled in courtesy books.
History
The apex of European courtly culture was reached in the Late Middle Ages and the Baroque period (i.e. roughly the four centuries spanning 1300–1700).
The oldest courtesy books date to the 13th century, but they become an influential genre in the 16th, the most influential of them being Il Cortegiano (1508), which not only covered basic etiquette and decorum but also provided models of sophisticated conversation and intellectual skill.
The royal courts of Europe did, of course, persist well into the 18th century (and to some limited extent to the present day), but in the 18th century, the notion of courtesy was replaced by that of gallantry, referring to an ideal emphasizing the display of affected sensitivity in direct contrast with the ideals of self-denial and dignified seriousness that were the Baroque norm. During the late medieval and early modern period, the bourgeois class tended to emulate the courtly etiquette of their betters. This changed in the 19th century, after the end of the Napoleonic Wars, with the emergence of a middle class with its own set of bourgeois etiquette, which in turn was mocked in the classist theory of Marxism as petite bourgeoisie.
The analogue concept in the court culture of medieval India was known by the Sanskrit term dakṣiṇya, literally meaning "right-handedness", but as in English dexterity having a figurative meaning of "apt, clever, appropriate", glossed as "kindness and consideration expressed in a sophisticated and elegant way".
See also
