Defining Art Historically
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
"By the end of Levinson’s article, is that artworks are things that are intended to be regarded in the same way that previous artworks have been regarded, something that, I trust it will be agreed, can hardly be called an epiphany."-- "Family Resemblances, Relationalism, and the Meaning of 'Art'" (2007) Daniel A. Kaufman |
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"Defining Art Historically"” (British Journal of Aesthetics, 1979, pp.232-250) is a paper by Jerrold Levinson.
For Levinson, "a work of art is a thing intended for regard-as-a-work-of-art: regard in any of the ways works of art existing prior to it have been correctly regarded" (1979, p. 234). Levinson further clarifies that by "intends for" he means: “[M]akes, appropriates or conceives for the purpose of'" (1979, p. 236). Some of these manners for regard (at around the present time) are: to be regarded with full attention, to be regarded contemplatively, to be regarded with special notice to appearance, to be regarded with "emotional openness" (1979, p. 237). If an object isn't intended for regard in any of the established ways, then it isn't art.
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