Ploidy
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
(Difference between revisions)
| Revision as of 12:29, 20 July 2019 Jahsonic (Talk | contribs) ← Previous diff |
Current revision Jahsonic (Talk | contribs) |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| {{Template}} | {{Template}} | ||
| - | A '''gamete''' (from [[Ancient Greek]] γαμέτης ''gametes'' "husband" / γαμετή ''gamete'' "wife") is a cell that fuses with another cell during [[fertilization]] (conception) in [[organism]]s that [[sexual reproduction|reproduce sexually]]. In species that produce two morphologically distinct types of gametes, and in which each individual produces only one type, a [[female]] is any individual that produces the larger type of gamete—called an [[ovum]] (or egg)—and a [[male]] produces the smaller tadpole-like type—called a [[sperm]]. This is an example of [[anisogamy]] or [[heterogamy]], the condition wherein females and males produce gametes of different sizes (this is the case in humans; the human ovum is approximately 20 times larger than the human sperm cell). In contrast, [[isogamy]] is the state of gametes from both sexes being the same size and shape, and given arbitrary designators for [[mating type]]. The name gamete was introduced by the [[Austria]]n biologist [[Gregor Mendel]]. Gametes carry half the [[genetic information]] of an individual, [[ploidy|1n]] of each type. | ||
| + | '''Ploidy''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|l|ɔɪ|d|i}}) is the number of complete sets of [[chromosome]]s in a [[cell (biology)|cell]], and hence the number of possible [[allele]]s for [[Autosome|autosomal]] and [[Pseudoautosomal region|pseudoautosomal]] [[genes]]. [[Somatic cell]]s, [[Tissue (biology)|tissues]], and [[Individual#Biology|individual]] organisms can be described according to the number of sets of chromosomes present (the "ploidy level"): '''monoploid''' (1 set), '''diploid''' (2 sets), '''triploid''' (3 sets), '''tetraploid''' (4 sets), '''pentaploid''' (5 sets), '''hexaploid''' (6 sets), '''heptaploid''' | ||
| {{GFDL}} | {{GFDL}} | ||
Current revision
|
Related e |
|
Featured: |
Ploidy (Template:IPAc-en) is the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell, and hence the number of possible alleles for autosomal and pseudoautosomal genes. Somatic cells, tissues, and individual organisms can be described according to the number of sets of chromosomes present (the "ploidy level"): monoploid (1 set), diploid (2 sets), triploid (3 sets), tetraploid (4 sets), pentaploid (5 sets), hexaploid (6 sets), heptaploid
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Ploidy" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
