Discordianism
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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Discordianism is a paradigm based upon the book Principia Discordia,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> written by Greg Hill with Kerry Wendell Thornley in 1963, the two working under the pseudonyms Malaclypse the Younger and Omar Khayyam Ravenhurst. According to self-proclaimed "crackpot historian" Adam Gorightly, Discordianism was founded as a parody religion. Many outside observers and scholars of religion still regard Discordianism as a parody religion,<ref name="Robertson 2012">Template:Cite book</ref> although some of its adherents consider it as a legitimate religion or as a metaphor for a governing philosophy.<ref name="Robertson 2012"/>Template:Efn
The Principia Discordia, if read literally, encourages the worship of the Greek goddess Eris, known in Latin as Discordia, the goddess of disorder, or archetypes and ideals associated with her.<ref name="Robertson 2012"/> Depending on the version of Discordianism, Eris might be considered the goddess exclusively of disorder or the goddess of disorder and chaos. Both views are supported by the Principia Discordia. The Principia Discordia holds three core principles: the Aneristic (order), the Eristic (disorder), and the notion that both are mere illusions. Due to these principles, a Discordian believes there is no distinction between order and disorder, since they are both man-made conceptual divisions of the pure element of chaos. An argument presented by the text is that it is only by rejecting these principles that you can truly perceive reality as it is, chaos.
It is difficult to estimate the number of Discordians because they are not required to hold Discordianism as their only belief system,<ref>Rabinovitch, Shelly & Lewis, James. The Encyclopedia of Modern Witchcraft and Neo-Paganism". pp. 75–76. Citadel Press. 2002. Template:ISBN.</ref> and because, by nature of the system itself, there is an encouragement to form schisms and cabals.<ref>{{
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Contents |
Founding and structure
The foundational document of Discordianism is the Principia Discordia, fourth edition, written by Malaclypse the Younger, an alias of Greg Hill. The Principia Discordia often hints that Discordianism was founded as a dialectic antithesis to more popular religions based on order, although the rhetoric throughout the book describes chaos as a much more underlying impulse of the universe. This may have been done with the intention of merely "balancing out" the creative forces of order and disorder, but the focus is on the more disorderly aspects of the worldTemplate:Sndat times the forces of order are even vilified.<ref>{{
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Popes
According to the Principia Discordia, "every single man, woman, and child on this Earth" is deemed a pope.<ref name = "kvvfee">Malaclypse the Younger, Principia Discordia, Page 00036</ref>
Included in the Principia Discordia is an official pope card that may be reproduced and distributed freely to anyone and everyone.<ref name = "kvvfee"/>
Saints
There are also five classes of saints within Discordianism, who are those who best act as exemplars and are closer to perfection.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Only the first of these classes "Saint Second Class" contains real human beings (deceased and alive), with higher classes reserved for fictional beings who, by virtue of being fictional, are better able to reach the Discordian view of perfection.<ref>Malaclypse the Younger, Principia Discordia, Page 00039</ref>
A well-known example of a second-class saint is Emperor Norton, a citizen in 19th century San Francisco, who despite suffering delusions was beloved by much of the city. He is honoured as a saint within Discordianism for living his life according to truth as he saw it and a disregard for reality as others would perceive it.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Mythology
Eris and Aneris
In discordian mythology, Aneris is described as the sister of Eris a.k.a. Discordia. Whereas Eris/Discordia is the goddess of disorder and being, Aneris/Harmonia is the goddess of order and non-being.
"DOGMA III – HISTORY 32, 'COSMOGONY' " in Principia Discordia, states:
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The sterile Aneris becomes jealous of Eris (who was born pregnant), and starts making existent things non-existent. This explains why life begins, and later ends in death.
- And to this day, things appear and disappear in this very manner.<ref name="principiadiscordia" />
The names of Eris and Aneris (who are later given a brother, Spirituality), are used to show some fundamental Discordian principles in "Psycho-Metaphysics":
- The Aneristic Principle is that of APPARENT ORDER; the Eristic Principle is that of APPARENT DISORDER. Both order and disorder are man made concepts and are artificial divisions of PURE CHAOS, which is a level deeper than is the level of distinction making.<ref>See (a certain chapter [about "SOME PSYCHO-METAPHYSICS"] of Principia Discordia) For an online version, see: {{
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Hand of Eris
[[File:Five fingered hand of Eris symbol.svg|frame|Proposed symbol for Eris.]]
The hand of Eris (shown at right) and other proposed symbols are used informally in certain circles; however, it is unlikely that Eris, the trans-Neptunian dwarf planet, will be assigned an official symbol by the IAU, since graphical symbols are rarely assigned to minor objects in modern times.<ref>Keiron Le Grice: Discovering Eris: The Symbolism and Significance of a New Planetary Archetype. Edinburgh 2012, Template:ISBN</ref>Template:Page needed<ref>{{
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The "original snub"
[[File:Apple of Discord.png|thumb|Apple of Discord]] The "original snub" is the Discordian name for the events preceding the judgement of Paris, although more focus is put on the actions of Eris. Zeus believes that Eris is a troublemaker, so he does not invite her to Peleus and Thetis's wedding. Having been snubbed, Eris creates a golden apple with the word kallisti (Template:Lang-grc, to the prettiest one) inscribed in it. This, the Apple of Discord, is a notable symbol in Discordianism for its inclusion in the Holy Chao, and is traditionally described as being made of gold (although whether that gold was metallic or Acapulco is noted as uncertain<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>).<ref>{{
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Some recent interpretations of the original snub place Eris as being not at all mischievous with her delivery of the apple, but instead suggest that Eris was simply bringing the apple as a wedding present for Thetis. This interpretation would see Eris as innocent and her causing of chaos as a by-product of the other wedding guests' reaction upon seeing her at the wedding.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite video</ref>
Philosophy
Three core principles
The Principia Discordia holds three core principles: the Aneristic and Eristic principles representing order and disorder, and the notion that both are mere illusions. The following excerpt summarizes these principles:Template:Quote
Operation Mindfuck
Operation Mindfuck is an important practice in the Discordian religion, in which "all national calamities, assassinations, or conspiracies" are publicly attributed to the Bavarian Illuminati, an 18th century secret society, in an attempt to "sow the culture with paranoia,"<ref>{{
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}}</ref> as well as to highlight the absurdity of conspiracy theories.<ref>Template:Citation</ref> The concept was developed by Kerry Thornley and Robert Anton Wilson in 1968<ref name="Gorightly">Template:Cite book</ref> and given its name by Wilson and Robert Shea in The Illuminatus! Trilogy.<ref name="illuminatus">Template:Cite book</ref>
Writings
Discordian works include a number of books, not all of which actually exist. Among those that have been published are Principia Discordia, first published in 1965 (which includes portions of The Honest Book of Truth); and The Illuminatus! Trilogy, which had its first volume published in 1975.<ref>Cosmic Trigger I: The Final Secret of the Illuminati (1977), page 167. Template:ISBN</ref>
The Principia Discordia is a Discordian religious text written by Greg Hill (Malaclypse the Younger) with Kerry Wendell Thornley (Lord Omar Khayyam Ravenhurst).The phrase Principia Discordia, reminiscent of Newton's Principia Mathematica, is presumably intended to mean Discordant Principles, or Principles of Discordance.<ref>In Latin, discordia is not an adjective. It can be a singular noun by itself, meaning "discord", or, like principia, be the plural of a noun – discordium, also meaning "discord". In either case, the phrase consists of two juxtaposed nouns without a grammatical relationship.</ref>
Summa Universalia was another work by Malaclypse the Younger, purported to be a summary of the universe. It was excerpted in the first edition of Principia but never published. It was mentioned in an introduction to one of the Principia editions, and the work was quoted from in the first edition.<ref>"By no means is the Principia our only scripture. All along Greg has been writing what he says is a summary of the Universe, but evidently it will be quite some time before he completes it." Thornley, Kerry: "Principia Discordia", page ix. Illuminet Press, 1991. As quoted at https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~tilt/principia/intro5.html.</ref><ref>Malaclypse and Ravenhurst: Principia Discordia, pages 2, 10, A14."Excerpted from a treatise concerning The Nature of Gods and The Eristesque Movement, to be found in the SUMMA UNIVERSALIA, the Holy Work of MALACLYPSE (THE YOUNGER), K.C., Omniscient Polyfather of Virginity-in-gold, and High Priest of The Heretic Fringe and Protestant Persuasion of the ERISIAN MOVEMENT of the DISCORDIAN SOCIETY " As found at http://appendix.23ae.com/pd1/17.html, http://appendix.23ae.com/pd1/25.html , http://appendix.23ae.com/pd1/14.html .</ref>
Zenarchy was first self-published by Thornley, under the pen name Ho Chi Zen, as a series of one-page (or broadsheet) newsletters in the 1960s.<ref name="groover">Template:Cite news Mirror</ref> A selection of the material was later reedited and expanded by Thornley and republished in paperback by IllumiNet Press in 1991. The book describes Thornley's concept of Zenarchy "a way of Zen applied to social life. A non-combative, non-participatory, no-politics approach to anarchy intended to get the serious student thinking."<ref>Kerry Thornley, "Zenarchy" (1991), Template:ISBN</ref>
One of the most influential of all Discordian works, the Illuminatus! Trilogy is a series of three novels written by Robert Shea and Robert Anton Wilson purportedly between 1969 and 1971.<ref name=written>Illuminatus! was written between 1969 and 1971, but not published until 1975 according to Robert Anton Wilson, Cosmic Trigger I: The Final Secret of the Illuminati (1977), page 145. Template:ISBN</ref> In a 1980 interview given to the science fiction magazine Starship, Wilson suggested the novel was an attempt to build a myth around Discordianism. Template:Quote
Zen Without Zen Masters is a book by Camden Benares (The Count of Five), published in 1977, of koans, stories and exercises of a Discordian nature. It includes tales of several early Discordians including Hill (as Mal) and Thornley (as Omar and Ho Chi Zen). "Enlightenment of a Seeker" from this book is also present in Principia Discordia as "A Zen Story".<ref>Camden Benares: Zen Without Zen Masters (1977), pages 40-41. Template:ISBN</ref>
Principia Discordia editions
The first edition was printed using Jim Garrison's Xerox printer in 1963.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The second edition was published under the title Principia Discordia or How The West Was Lost in a limited edition of five copies (and released into the public domain) in 1965.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> alt=POEE stands for Paratheo-anametamystikhood of Eris Esoteric|right|thumb|100px|POEE symbol (POEE stands for Paratheo-anametamystikhood of Eris Esoteric) alt=showing the Hodge and Podge in dynamic tension|right|thumb|100px|The Sacred Chao
File:NARACoverSheet DiscordianSociety.gif |
In 1978, a copy of a work from Kerry Thornley titled THE PRINCIPIA DISCORDIA or HOW THE WEST WAS LOST was placed in the HSCA JFK collections as document 010857.<ref>The record identifier can be found by searching for Thornley and Discordian on nara.gov Template:Webarchive. {{
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}}</ref><ref>Adam Gorightly: "Historia Discordia" (2014). Template:ISBN</ref>
Several other editions have been published by Steve Jackson Games, Ronin Publishing, and others.
Related works
The Black Iron Prison
The Black Iron Prison was an effort to create an updated, modern book that would function as Principia Discordia did when released. The collaborators stated that "while the original Principia Discordia holds important messages and philosophies, we wondered if some of the humor and language might be dated and lost on a younger generation of Discordians. We wanted to crystalize some of our favorite themes from the Principia, those of radical free will and self-emancipation." The goal was to encourage "critical thinking and self awareness" in the reader.<ref>{{
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Historia Discordia
Historia Discordia was compiled by Adam Gorightly with foreword by Robert Anton Wilson.<ref name="amazon_historia">Template:Cite book</ref> It is a compilation of early Discordian photos, tracts, art collages, and more including works by Discordianism founders Greg Hill (Malaclypse the Younger) and Kerry Thornley (Omar Khayyam Ravenhurst).<ref name="goodreads_historia">{{
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}}</ref> It features a blurb by famed comic book writer Alan Moore.<ref name="goodreads_historia" />
Chasing Eris
Chasing Eris by Brenton Clutterbuck is a snapshot of the state of international Discordianism sixty years<ref>{{
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}}</ref> after its foundation, documenting "a cross-section of international Discordianism"<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> and exploring its influences on counterculture, nerd culture, the copyleft movement, pop music and other art forms as well as connections to the assassination of John F. Kennedy, Charles Manson and the German secret service. The book includes several interviews and reports from the author's travels in North and South America, Australia, and Europe to meet Discordian individuals as well as whole groups.<ref name="chasing_eris">Template:Cite book</ref> It also includes an interpretation of the Principia Discordia chapter "The Parable of The Bitter Tea" by its original author.<ref>{{
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See also
