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-	{{Template}}	+	#redirect[[Elizabeth Báthory]]
-	The influence of '''[[Elizabeth Báthory]] in popular culture''' has been notable from the 18th century to the present day. The real [[Elizabeth Báthory]] ([[August 7]]?, [[1560]] – [[August 21]], [[1614]]) was a [[Hungarian people|Hungarian]] [[countess]], considered to be the most infamous [[serial killer]] in Slovak and Hungarian history. Since her death, various myths and legends surrounding her story have preserved her as a prominent figure in folklore, literature, music, film, games and toys.	+
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-	The real Elizabeth Báthory, along with four alleged collaborators, was accused of torturing and killing numerous girls and young women. In [[1611]], she was imprisoned in [[Čachtice Castle]], where she remained until her death three years later.	+
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-	The Báthory case inspired many stories, featuring the Countess bathing in her victims' blood in order to retain her youth. This inspired nicknames like the "Blood Countess", or the "Bloody Lady of Čachtice".	+
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-	==Elizabeth Báthory in folklore and literature==	+
-	The case of Elizabeth Báthory inspired numerous stories and [[fairy tale]]s. Eighteenth and 19th century writers liberally added or omitted elements of the narrative. The most common [[Motif (literature)|motif]] of these works was that of the countess bathing in her victims' blood in order to retain beauty or youth. Frequently, the cruel countess would discover the secret of blood bathing when she slapped a female servant in rage, splashing parts of her own skin with blood. Upon removal of the blood, that portion of skin would seem younger and more beautiful than before.	+
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-	This legend appeared in print for the first time in [[1729]], in the [[Jesuit]] scholar László Turóczi’s ''[[Tragica historia]]'', the first written account of the Báthory case.	+
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-	When quoting him in his 1742 history book, [[Matthias Bel]] was sceptical about this particular detail, he nevertheless helped the legend to spread. Subsequent writers of history and fiction alike often identified [[vanity]] as the sole motivation for Báthory's crimes.	+
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-	Modern historians Radu Florescu and Raymond T. McNally have concluded that the theory Báthory murdered on account of her vanity sprung up from contemporary [[prejudice]]s about [[gender roles]]. Women were not believed to be capable of violence for its own sake. However, while popular prejudice of the time is noted, these scholars' view is neither the only, nor the most accepted interpretation of the actual events.	+
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-	At the beginning of the 19th century, this certainty was questioned, and [[sadist]]ic pleasure was considered a plausible motive for Báthory's crimes. In [[1817]], the witness accounts (which had surfaced in 1765) were published for the first time, demonstrating that the bloodbaths were legend rather than fact.	+
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-	The legend nonetheless persisted in the popular imagination. Some versions of the story were told with the purpose of denouncing female vanity, while other versions aimed to entertain or thrill their audience. Some versions of the story incorporated more elaborate [[torture chamber]] fantasies, such as the use of an [[iron maiden (torture device)|iron maiden]], which were not based on the evidence from Báthory's trial. [[Leopold von Sacher-Masoch]], whose name inspired the term [[masochism]], was inspired by the Báthory legend to write his [[1874]] novella ''[[Ewige Jugend]]'' ("eternal youth")	+
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-	==Elizabeth Báthory and the vampire myth==	+
-	The emergence of the bloodbath myth coincided with the [[Vampire#Eighteenth century vampire controversy|vampire scares]] that haunted Europe in the early 18th century, reaching even into educated and scientific circles. The strong connection between the bloodbath myth and [[vampire]] myth was not made until the 1970s. The first connections were made to promote works of fiction by linking them to the already commercially successful [[Dracula]] story. Thus a 1970 movie based on Báthory and the bloodbath myth was titled ''Countess Dracula''.	+
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-	Some Báthory biographers, McNally in particular, have tried to establish the bloodbath myth and the historical Elizabeth Báthory as a source of influence for [[Bram Stoker]]'s 1897 novel Dracula, pointing to similarities in settings and motifs and the fact that Stoker might have read about her. This theory is strongly disputed by author [[Elizabeth Miller]].	+
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-	Meanwhile Báthory has become an influence for modern [[vampire literature]] and [[vampire films]].	+
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-	==Fiction==	+
-	* Báthory is a major character in the alternative history/fantasy novel [[Heirs of Alexandria series|''This Rough Magic'']] by [[Eric Flint]], [[Dave Freer]] and [[Mercedes Lackey]].	+
-	* Báthory is the ancestor of protagonist Christopher Csejthe in the Half/Life series of novels by [[Wm. Mark Simmons]] and figures prominently in the second book, "Dead On My Feet" with a plot twist that hinges on the questionable innocence of Katarina Beneczky (Katalin Benick) among the Countess' collaborators.	+
-	* ''The Blood Countess'' is a novel by [[Andrei Codrescu]].	+
-	* ''The Bloody Countess'' by argintinian writer [[Alejandra Pizarnik]] was a short [[Gothic fiction|gothic]] work of fiction (1968, reprinted in ''The Oxford Book of Gothic Tales'', ed. Chris Baldick)	+
-	* In the science fiction short story ''Rumfuddle'' by [[Jack Vance]], a baby who would have grown up to be Elizabeth Báthory is taken to a different time and place in history.	+
-	* In the novel ''62/Modelo para armar'' by [[Julio Cortázar]], the countess and her story is one of the recurring themes.	+
-	* In [[David Eddings]] series [[The Elenium]] a character appears who revels in the killing of young women. This character is a significant villain, serving to forward the story.	+
-	* Colombian writer [[Ricardo Abdahllah]] has written several pieces of short fiction around Bathory's myth.	+
-	* In the [[Buffy the Vampire Slayer]] book ''Tales of the Slayer vol. 1'', she is the villain in the story "Die Blutgrafin".	+
-	* The 2006 novel ''[[The Blood Confession]]'' by Alisa M. Libby	+
-	* Báthory's legend is used as a basis for the Japanese anime [[Ghost Hunt]]'s seventh file/case mystery "Blood-Soaked Labyrinth", shown from episode 18-21.	+
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-	===Film===	+
-	There have been several films about or referring to Elizabeth Báthory:	+
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-	* 1970 - ''[[Necropolis (film)|Necropolis]]'' ([[Franco Brocani]])	+
-	* 1970 - ''[[Countess Dracula]]'' ([[Peter Sasdy]]) (with [[Ingrid Pitt]])	+
-	* 1971 - ''[[Les Levres rouges/Daughters of Darkness]]'' ([[Harry Kummel]])	+
-	* 1973 - ''[[Ceremonia sangrienta/Blood Castle]]'' ([[Jorge Grau]])	+
-	* 1973 - ''[[El Retorno de Walpurgis|El Retorno de Walpurgis/Curse of the Devil]]'' ([[Carlos Aured]])	+
-	* 1974 - ''[[Immoral Tales (film)|Contes Immoraux/Immoral Tales]]'' ([[Walerian Borowczyk]]) (with [[Paloma Picasso]])	+
-	* 1975 - ''[[Alžbeta Hrozná alebo Krw story/Elisabeth the Terrible]]'' or ''[[The Krw Story]]'' ([[Stanislav Štepka]])	+
-	* 1980 - ''[[Krvavá pani/The Bloody Lady]]'' ([[Viktor Kubal]])	+
-	* 1980 - ''[[El Retorno del Hombre Lobo|El Retorno del Hombre-Lobo/Night of the Werewolf]]'' ([[Jacinto Molina]])	+
-	* 1981 - ''[[Zsarnok szíve, avagy Boccaccio magyarországon/Tyrant's Heart, or Boccaccio in Hungary]]'' ([[Miklós Jancsó]])	+
-	* 1988 - ''[[The Mysterious Death of Nina Chereau]]'' ([[Dennis Berry]])	+
-	* 1999 - ''[[Bloodbath]]'' ([[Dan Speaker, Kim Turney]])	+
-	* 2000 - ''[[Bathory (2000 film)|Bathory]]'' ([[Brian Topping]])	+
-	* 2000 - ''Alguien mató algo (Jorge Navas)	+
-	* 2000 - ''La historia de Elizabeth Bathory'' (Leonardo Carreño)	+
-	* 2002 - ''[[Killer Love]]'' ([[Lloyd A. Simandl]])	+
-	* 2004 - ''[[Tomb of the Werewolf]]'' ([[Fred Olen Ray]])	+
-	* 2004 - ''[[Eternal (film)|Eternal]]'' ([[Wilhelm Liebenberg]], [[Federico Sanchez]])	+
-	* 2005 - ''[[The Brothers Grimm]] - (Ehren Kruger, Terry Gilliam)	+
-	* 2005 - ''[[Night Fangs]] - (Ricardo Islas)	+
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-	* 2006 - ''[[Stay Alive]]'' ([[William Brent Bell]])	+
-	* 2006 - ''[[Demon's Claw]]'' ([[Lloyd A. Simandl]])	+
-	* 2006 - ''[[Metamorphosis (film)|Metamorphosis]]'' ([[Jenő Hódi]])	+
-	* 2007 - ''[[Hostel: Part II]]'' where a "Mrs. Bathory" victimizes a girl by slicing her back, throat, and erotically bathing in her blood.	+
-	* 2007 - ''[[Blood Scarab]]) ([[Donald F. Glut]])	+
-	* 2007 - ''[[Hellboy Animated: Blood and Iron]] - (Kath Soucie)	+
-	* 2008 - ''[[Bathory (2007 film)|Bathory]]'' ([[Juraj Jakubisko]])	+
-	* 2008 - ''[[The Countess (film)|The Countess]]'' ([[Julie Delpy]])	+
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-	====Unproduced films====	+
-	Recently, several filmmakers expressed interest in doing a film on the Bathory tale. Other than Juraj Jakubisko's film, none of these came to fruition as of 2007.	+
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-	=====The Countess=====	+
-	In the March 2005 [[Julie Delpy]] expressed her intent to film the movie based on Báthory story, mentioning [[Chris Hanley]] as a potential producer. Two months later (May 2005) a report was published stating Delpy was in final talks to star in Báthory together with [[Ethan Hawke]]. It was supposed to be her directing debut, working from her own script. [[Bauer Martinez]] was supposed to finance, produce and distribute the movie. No more relevant news regarding the project appeared after May 2005.	+
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-	=====Čachtická pani=====	+
-	[[Czech Republic|Czech]] film director [[Zdeněk Troška]] apparently worked on the idea of the Báthory movie since 1990s. He wrote a screenplay based on a novel by [[Jožo Nižňánsky]]. In summer 2005 after Jakubisko's movie was announced, Troška complained, accusing Jakubisko of copying (stealing) his idea. Jakubisko's company refused accusations, claiming that their screen play is genuinely original and it has nothing to do with the novel. Troška stated also that he had no intention to start a lawsuit. His project was suffering from the lack of finances and its current status is unclear.	+
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-	=====Báthory Erzsébet szerelmei=====	+
-	Hungarian film director [[Márta Mészáros]] has expressed interest in making a film about Elizabeth Báthory but has not been able to secure the needed funds for the project from the Motion Picture Public Foundation of Hungary for it to be classified as a Hungarian production. Six million euros have been acquired from various production companies so far including 20% funding from András Hámori's Canadian company H20 Motion Pictures. Funding has also been provided by Slovak Producer Rudolf Biermann, Turkish producer Aydin Sayman, and Austrian producer Dr. Veidt Heiduschka from Wega Films.	+
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-	The script for the film, titled, ''Báthory Erzsébet szerelmei'', (The Loves of Elizabeth Báthory), is written by Éva Pataki and Pál Bokor who is also one of the film's producers.	+
-	Various foreign actresses have expressed interest in the leading role according to Hungarian entertainment sources. Some of the names mentioned to play Elizabeth Báthory include [[Tilda Swinton]], [[Angelina Jolie]], and [[Nicole Kidman]]. If the film is made it will be shot on location in Hungary and Austria at the historic castles of [[Sárvár]] and [[Lockenhaus]] once inhabited by Elizabeth Báthory. Other locations planned will be in Turkey for the battle scenes and the [[Orava]] castle in Slovakia.	+
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-	No further details on this project have appeared since July of 2005.	+
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-	===Games===	+
-	The bloodbath myth served as a major component of some games:	+
-	*In the VCR/DVD boardgame ''[[Atmosfear]]'': a playable character portrayed as a vampiress	+
-	*In the video game ''[[Castlevania: Bloodlines]]'', Bathory is a major character, though her name is mistranslated as Elizabeth Bartley in the American version.	+
-	*In the MMORPG ''[[Ragnarok Online]]'', Bathories are witch-like enemies fought on the 4th level of Clock Tower.	+
-	*In the MMORPG ''[[DarkEden]],'' Lady Elizabeth Bathory is a game "boss" alongside Lord Vlad Tepes who players are able to kill in an instanced level known as a "lair".	+
-	*From the video game, ''[[Diablo 2]]'':	+
-	"...And so it came to pass that the Countess, who once bathed in the rejuvenating blood of a hundred virgins, was buried alive... And her castle in which so many cruel deeds took place fell rapidly into ruin. Rising over the buried dungeons in that god-forsaken wilderness, a solitary tower, like some monument to Evil, is all that remains. The Countess' fortune was believed to be divided among the clergy, although some say that more remains unfound, still buried alongside the rotting skulls that bear mute witness to the inhumanity of the human creature."	+
-	*In the video game ''[[Vampire Hunter D (video game)|Vampire Hunter D]]'', the main antagonist addresses herself as ''Elizabeth Bartley Carmilla''	+
-	*The Butcheress from the video game Bloodrayne claims to be a descendent of her.	+
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-	===Toys===	+
-	Báthory is featured in [[McFarlane Toys]] [[6 Faces of Madness]] series, a collection of action figures, including [[Rasputin]] and [[Vlad the Impaler]]. Báthory is depicted bathing in blood while the heads of some of her victims are impaled in a [[candelabrum]].	+
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-	==Music==	+
-	* ''Countess Bathory'' by the English [[black metal]] band [[Venom (band)|Venom]] from their highly influential album [[Black Metal]], released in [[1982]]	+
-	*''Erzsébet'': Elizabeth Bathory: The Opera, is by [[Dennis Báthory-Kitsz]] (he claims he may be related to her)<ref>http://bathory.org/ - Elizabeth Bathory: The Opera; includes many FAQ sections about the woman herself and topics about her</ref>	+
-	* The Swedish [[black metal]] band [[Bathory (band)|Bathory]] is named after her. Their songs dedicated to her include ''Woman of Dark Desires''.	+
-	* The band [[Cradle of Filth]] dedicated their album ''[[Cruelty and the Beast]]'' (1998) entirely to her.	+
-	* The German band [[Untoten]] made a [[concept album]] about her, called ''[[Die Blutgräfin]]''.	+
-	Songs about Elizabeth Báthory include:	+
-	* ''Elizabeth'' by progressive [[power metal]] band [[Kamelot]]	+
-	* ''Elisabeth Bathory'' by Hungarian black metal band [[Tormentor]], which was covered by Swedish black metal band [[Dissection (band)|Dissection]]	+
-	* ''Bathory's Sainthood'' by American hardcore band [[Boy Sets Fire]] (2003)	+
-	* ''Bathory Erzsebet'' by experimental doom metal band [[Sunn O)))]] A cover of A Fine Day To Die by [[Bathory (band)|Bathory]]	+
-	* ''Countess Erzsebet Nadasdy'' by Finnish black metal band [[Barathrum]]	+
-	* ''A Gothic Romance'' and "Bathory Aria" by British black metal band [[Cradle of Filth]]	+
-	* ''Villa Vampiria'' by [[death metal]] band [[God Dethroned]]	+
-	* ''Transylvanian Pearl'' by Russian metal band [[Nocticula]]	+
-	* ''The Sonology Of Sex II (Le Comtesse De Sang)'' by the British [[Industrial music|industrial]] band [[Clock DVA]]	+
-	* ''Erzebet'' by [[dance-punk]] artist Jay Tea (2007)	+
-	* ''Resurrection'' and ''Schwarzer Engel'' by Spanish [[Gothic Black Metal]] band [[Forever Slave]] tell the story of Erzebet Bathory whos' life and names are similar to Elizabeth Bathory.	+
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-	{{GFDL}}	+

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Current revision

1. redirectElizabeth Báthory