Emergence
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In philosophy, systems theory, science, and art, emergence is a phenomenon whereby larger entities arise through interactions among smaller or simpler entities such that the larger entities exhibit properties the smaller/simpler entities do not exhibit.
Emergence is central in theories of integrative levels and of complex systems. For instance, the phenomenon of life as studied in biology is an emergent property of chemistry, and psychological phenomena emerge from the neurobiological phenomena of living things.
In philosophy, theories that emphasize emergent properties have been called emergentism. Almost all accounts of emergentism include a form of epistemic or ontological irreducibility to the lower levels.
In philosophy
In philosophy, emergence is often understood to be a claim about the etiology of a system's properties. An emergent property of a system, in this context, is one that is not a property of any component of that system, but is still a feature of the system as a whole. Nicolai Hartmann, one of the first modern philosophers to write on emergence, termed this categorial novum (new category).
See also
- Abstraction
- Abiogenesis
- Agent-based model
- Anthropic principle
- Big History
- Connectionism
- Consilience
- Constructal theory
- Dynamical system
- Deus ex machina
- Dual-phase evolution
- Emergenesis
- Emergent algorithm
- Emergent evolution
- Emergent gameplay
- Emergent organization
- Epiphenomenon
- Externality
- Free will
- Generative sciences
- Innovation butterfly
- Interconnectedness
- Irreducible complexity
- Langton's ant
- Law of Complexity-Consciousness
- Mass action (sociology)
- Neural networks
- Noogenesis
- Organic Wholes of G.E. Moore
- Polytely
- Society of Mind theory
- Structuralism
- Superorganism
- Swarm intelligence
- System of systems
- Teleology
- Synergetics (Fuller)
- Synergetics (Haken)