Entropy
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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"It was not easy for a person brought up in the ways of classical thermodynamics to come around to the idea that gain of entropy eventually is nothing more nor less than loss of information."--Gilbert Newton Lewis in a letter to Irving Langmuir, 5 Aug 1930 |
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Entropy is a scientific concept as well as a measurable physical property that is most commonly associated with a state of disorder, randomness, or uncertainty. The term and the concept are used in diverse fields, from classical thermodynamics, where it was first recognized, to the microscopic description of nature in statistical physics, and to the principles of information theory. It has found far-ranging applications in chemistry and physics, in biological systems and their relation to life, in cosmology, economics, sociology, weather science, climate change, and information systems including the transmission of information in telecommunication.
See also
- Autocatalytic reactions and order creation
- Boltzmann entropy – a type of Gibbs entropy, which neglects internal statistical correlations in the overall particle distribution
- Brownian ratchet
- Clausius–Duhem inequality
- Configuration entropy
- Conformational entropy – associated with the physical arrangement of a polymer chain that assumes a compact or globular state in solution
- Departure function
- Enthalpy
- Entropic explosion – an explosion in which the reactants expand without releasing much heat
- Entropic force
- Entropy unit
- Entropic value at risk
- Entropy (information theory)
- Entropy (computing)
- Entropy (statistical thermodynamics)
- Entropy and life
- Entropy (order and disorder)
- Entropy of mixing – the change in the entropy when two different chemical substances or components are mixed
- Entropy rate
- Entropy production
- Extropy
- Free entropy – a thermodynamic potential analogous to free energy
- Geometrical frustration
- Gibbs entropy – a precise definition of entropy
- Harmonic entropy
- Heat death of the universe
- Info-metrics
- Laws of thermodynamics
- Loop entropy – is the entropy lost upon bringing together two residues of a polymer within a prescribed distance
- Multiplicity function
- Negentropy (negative entropy)
- Orders of magnitude (entropy)
- Phase space
- Principle of maximum entropy
- Residual entropy – the entropy present after a substance is cooled arbitrarily close to absolute zero
- Sackur–Tetrode entropy – the entropy of a monatomic classical ideal gas determined via quantum considerations
- Standard molar entropy – the entropy in one mole of substance under STP
- Stirling's formula
- Thermodynamic databases for pure substances
- Thermodynamic potential
- Thermodynamic equilibrium
- Tsallis entropy – a generalization of the Boltzmann and Gibbs definitions
