Excommunication
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| - | ==Events== | + | '''Excommunication''' is a religious [[censure]] used to deprive or suspend membership in a religious community. The word literally means ''putting [someone] out of [[full communion|communion]]''. In some religions, excommunication includes spiritual [[condemnation]] of the member or group. Censures and [[sanction]]s sometimes ''follow'' excommunication; these include [[Exile|banishment]], [[shunning]], and [[shaming]], depending on the religion, the offense that caused excommunication, or the rules or norms of the religious community. |
| - | *[[1497]] – [[Pope Alexander VI]] [[excommunication|excommunicates]] [[Girolamo Savonarola]]. | + | |
| - | *[[1921]] - [[Dada]] - in Paris a [[Dada mock trial of Maurice Barrès|mock trial of Maurice Barrès]] takes place. | + | |
| - | *[[1967]] - [[Dutch Provo movement]] officially disbanded | + | |
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| - | ==Births== | + | |
| - | *[[1840]] – [[Alphonse Daudet]], French novelist (d. 1897) | + | |
| - | *[[1882]] – [[Georges Braque]], French painter (d. 1963) | + | |
| - | *[[1907]] – Dame [[Daphne du Maurier]], English author (d. 1989) | + | |
| - | *[[1922]] – [[Beatrice Arthur]], American actress (d.2009) | + | |
| - | *[[1927]] – [[Herbert Ross]], American director (d. 2001) | + | |
| - | *[[1931]] – [[Jim Jones]], American cult leader (d. 1978) | + | |
| - | *[[1935]] – [[Jan Saudek]], Czech photographer | + | |
| - | *[[1937]] – [[Roger Zelazny]], American author (d. 1995) | + | |
| - | *[[1939]] – [[Harvey Keitel]], American actor | + | |
| - | *[[1941]] – [[Senta Berger]], Austrian actress | + | |
| - | *[[1950]] – [[Stevie Wonder]], American singer and musician | + | |
| - | *[[1957]] – [[Alan Ball (screenwriter)|Alan Ball]], American screenwriter, director, and producer | + | |
| - | *[[1968]] – [[Buckethead]], [[Guitarist]] | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ==Deaths== | + | |
| - | *[[1832]] – [[Georges Cuvier]], French naturalist (b. 1769) | + | |
| - | *[[1961]] – [[Gary Cooper]], American actor (b. 1901) | + | |
| - | *[[1977]] – [[Mickey Spillane (gangster)|Mickey Spillane]], [[Irish-American]] gangster (b. 1934) | + | |
| - | *[[1988]] – [[Chet Baker]], American jazz trumpeter (b. 1929) | + | |
| - | *[[2000]] – [[Paul Bartel]], American actor (b. 1938) | + | |
| - | *[[2005]] – [[Eddie Barclay]], French record producer (b. 1921) | + | |
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Revision as of 12:35, 11 May 2009
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Excommunication is a religious censure used to deprive or suspend membership in a religious community. The word literally means putting [someone] out of communion. In some religions, excommunication includes spiritual condemnation of the member or group. Censures and sanctions sometimes follow excommunication; these include banishment, shunning, and shaming, depending on the religion, the offense that caused excommunication, or the rules or norms of the religious community.
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Excommunication" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
