False friend
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| - | '''Phono-semantic matching''' (PSM) is a term in linguistics that refers to '''camouflaged borrowing''' in which a foreign [[word]] is matched with a [[Phonetics|phonetically]] and [[semantic]]ally similar '''pre-existent''' [[wiktionary:native|native]] word/root. It may alternatively be defined as the entry of a '''multisourced neologism''' that preserves both the [[Meaning (linguistic)|meaning]] and the approximate [[sound]] of the parallel expression in the source [[language]], using '''pre-existent''' words/roots of the target language. | + | '''False friends''' are pairs of [[word]]s or [[phrase]]s in two [[language]]s or [[dialect]]s (or letters in two alphabets) that [[homonym|look]] or [[homophone|sound]] similar, but differ in meaning. |
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| + | The term should be distinguished from "[[false cognate]]s", which are similar words in different languages that appear to have a common [[etymology|historical linguistic origin]] (whatever their current meaning) but actually do not. | ||
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| + | As well as complete false friends, use of [[loanword]]s often results in the use of a word in a restricted context, which may then develop new meanings not found in the original language. | ||
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| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| - | * [[Hybrid word]] | + | * [[False etymology]] |
| - | * [[Calque]] | + | * [[Translation#Equivalence|Translation]] |
| - | * [[Neologism]] | + | |
| - | * [[Portmanteau]] | + | |
| - | * [[Historical linguistics]] | + | |
| - | * [[Mixed language]] | + | |
| - | * [[Translation]] | + | |
| - | * [[Lexicology]] | + | |
| - | * [[Lexicography]] | + | |
| - | * [[Language contact]] | + | |
| - | * [[Creole language]] | + | |
| - | * [[Code mixing]] | + | |
| - | * [[Malapropism]] | + | |
| - | * [[Internationalism (linguistics)|Internationalism]] | + | |
| - | * [[Word formation]] | + | |
| - | * [[Comparative linguistics]] | + | |
| - | * [[Language transfer]] | + | |
| - | * [[False friend]] | + | |
| - | * [[Linguistic purism]] | + | |
| {{GFDL}} | {{GFDL}} | ||
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False friends are pairs of words or phrases in two languages or dialects (or letters in two alphabets) that look or sound similar, but differ in meaning.
The term should be distinguished from "false cognates", which are similar words in different languages that appear to have a common historical linguistic origin (whatever their current meaning) but actually do not.
As well as complete false friends, use of loanwords often results in the use of a word in a restricted context, which may then develop new meanings not found in the original language.
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See also
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "False friend" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
