Fascism
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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| The governments most often considered to have been fascist include the [[Mussolini]] government in [[Italy]], which invented the word; [[Nazi Germany]] under [[Adolf Hitler]], but other similar movements existed across Europe in the [[1920s]] and [[1930s]]. Fascism attracted political support from diverse sectors of the population but most surprisingly also from [[intellectual]]s and [[artist]]s such as [[Gabriele D'Annunzio]], [[Curzio Malaparte]], [[Filippo Tommaso Marinetti]], [[Louis-Ferdinand Céline]], [[Knut Hamsun]], [[Ernst Jünger]], [[Wyndham Lewis]], [[Ezra Pound]], and [[Martin Heidegger]]. | The governments most often considered to have been fascist include the [[Mussolini]] government in [[Italy]], which invented the word; [[Nazi Germany]] under [[Adolf Hitler]], but other similar movements existed across Europe in the [[1920s]] and [[1930s]]. Fascism attracted political support from diverse sectors of the population but most surprisingly also from [[intellectual]]s and [[artist]]s such as [[Gabriele D'Annunzio]], [[Curzio Malaparte]], [[Filippo Tommaso Marinetti]], [[Louis-Ferdinand Céline]], [[Knut Hamsun]], [[Ernst Jünger]], [[Wyndham Lewis]], [[Ezra Pound]], and [[Martin Heidegger]]. | ||
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| == See also == | == See also == | ||
| *[[Fascism and the avant-garde]] | *[[Fascism and the avant-garde]] | ||
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| *''[[Christ Stopped at Eboli]]'' | *''[[Christ Stopped at Eboli]]'' | ||
| *''[[A Special Day]]'' | *''[[A Special Day]]'' | ||
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| - | == Fascism and the avant-garde == | ||
| - | [[Ze'ev Sternhell]] (The Birth of Fascist Ideology (1989)) argues that European fascism first articulated itself as a cultural phenomenon, as a nonconformist, avant-garde, revolutionary movement. [[Modernism]], says John Carey in ''[[The Intellectuals and the Masses]]'' (1992), is a literary theory of fascism. | ||
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| == Further reading == | == Further reading == | ||
| *''[[The Seduction of Unreason|The Seduction of Unreason: The Intellectual Romance with Fascism from Nietzsche to Postmodernism]]'' (2004) - Richard Wolin | *''[[The Seduction of Unreason|The Seduction of Unreason: The Intellectual Romance with Fascism from Nietzsche to Postmodernism]]'' (2004) - Richard Wolin | ||
Revision as of 21:43, 10 January 2008
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Fascism is an authoritarian political ideology (generally tied to a mass movement) that considers individual and other societal interests subordinate to the needs of the state, and seeks to forge a type of national unity, usually based on ethnic, cultural, or racial attributes. Various scholars attribute different characteristics to fascism, but the following elements are usually seen as its integral parts: nationalism, authoritarianism, militarism, totalitarianism, anti-communism and opposition to economic and political liberalism.
The governments most often considered to have been fascist include the Mussolini government in Italy, which invented the word; Nazi Germany under Adolf Hitler, but other similar movements existed across Europe in the 1920s and 1930s. Fascism attracted political support from diverse sectors of the population but most surprisingly also from intellectuals and artists such as Gabriele D'Annunzio, Curzio Malaparte, Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, Louis-Ferdinand Céline, Knut Hamsun, Ernst Jünger, Wyndham Lewis, Ezra Pound, and Martin Heidegger.
See also
In fiction
Further reading
- The Seduction of Unreason: The Intellectual Romance with Fascism from Nietzsche to Postmodernism (2004) - Richard Wolin
- The Origins of Totalitarianism
- The Mass Psychology of Fascism
- Sex Drives: Fantasies of Fascism in Literary Modernism
