Fatwa
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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"I inform all zealous Muslims of the world that the author of the book entitled The Satanic Verses — which has been compiled, printed and published in opposition to Islam, the Prophet, and the Qur'an — and all those involved in its publication who were aware of its content, are sentenced to death. I call on all zealous Muslims to execute them quickly, wherever they may be found, so that no one else will dare to insult the Muslim sanctities. God Willing, whoever is killed on this path is a martyr." --February 14, 1989, radio Tehran broadcast his fatwa by Ayatollah Khomeini |
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A fatwā in the Islamic faith is a juristic ruling concerning Islamic law issued by an Islamic scholar. In Sunni Islam any fatwā is non-binding, whereas in Shia Islam it could be considered by an individual as binding, depending on his or her relation to the scholar. The person who issues a fatwā is called, in that respect, a mufti, i.e. an issuer of fatwā, from the verb أَفْتَى 'aftā = "he gave a formal legal opinion on". This is not necessarily a formal position since most Muslims argue that anyone trained in Islamic law may give an opinion (fatwā) on its teachings. If a fatwā does not break new ground, then it is simply called a ruling.
See also
- Responsa
- Mufti
- Taqlid
- Ijtihad
- Ijma
- Tafsir
- Posek
- List of fatwas
- Papal bull
- Fatwa of Osama bin Laden
- Yusuf al-Qaradawi
- Edict
- Legal opinion, the secular equivalent
- The Satanic Verses controversy
