Faultlines in 20th century art
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| - | '''20th Century Art''', from [[Cubism]] through to [[contemporary art]]. See also [[20th century]], [[French art of the 20th century]] and [[20th century philosophy]]. | + | Faultlines in [[20th century art]] |
| - | == Faultlines in 20th century art == | + | |
| - | *[[Faultlines in 20th century art]] | + | # [[Straight]]ness vs [[curvilinear]]ness |
| - | * [[Straight]]ness vs [[curvilinear]]ness | + | |
| ** Straight lines and [[geometric]] designs: [[art deco]], [[International Style]], [[De Stijl]], [[minimalism]], [[cubism]] | ** Straight lines and [[geometric]] designs: [[art deco]], [[International Style]], [[De Stijl]], [[minimalism]], [[cubism]] | ||
| ** [[Curvilinearity]]: [[Art Nouveau]], [[Symbolism]], [[Surrealism]] | ** [[Curvilinearity]]: [[Art Nouveau]], [[Symbolism]], [[Surrealism]] | ||
| - | * [[Wit]] vs [[serious]]ness | + | # [[Wit]] vs [[serious]]ness |
| ** Wit: [[Dada]], [[Surrealism]], [[Pop art]], [[Postmodernism]] | ** Wit: [[Dada]], [[Surrealism]], [[Pop art]], [[Postmodernism]] | ||
| ** Serious: [[High Modernism]] (literature, architecture, arts) | ** Serious: [[High Modernism]] (literature, architecture, arts) | ||
| - | * [[Cult of beauty]] vs the [[cult of ugliness]] (or [[sexuality]] vs [[asexuality]]) | + | # [[Cult of beauty]] vs the [[cult of ugliness]] (or [[sexuality]] vs [[asexuality]]) |
| ** Beauty: Art Nouveau, Symbolism | ** Beauty: Art Nouveau, Symbolism | ||
| ** Ugliness: High Modernism, [[Pablo Picasso]], [[Samuel Beckett]], [[Expressionism]], [[Abstract Expressionism]] | ** Ugliness: High Modernism, [[Pablo Picasso]], [[Samuel Beckett]], [[Expressionism]], [[Abstract Expressionism]] | ||
| The classification above is indebted to the ''[[Sex in History]]'' by [[Gordon Rattray Taylor]] (see Matrism and Patrism) and the work of [[Camille Paglia]], especially ''[[Sexual Personae]]''. Both theorists classify along [[Apollonian and Dionysian]] axes. | The classification above is indebted to the ''[[Sex in History]]'' by [[Gordon Rattray Taylor]] (see Matrism and Patrism) and the work of [[Camille Paglia]], especially ''[[Sexual Personae]]''. Both theorists classify along [[Apollonian and Dionysian]] axes. | ||
| - | == History == | ||
| - | |||
| - | '''20th century art''' and what it became known as - [[Modern art]], really began with [[Modernism]] in the late 19th century. Nineteenth-Century movements of [[Post Impressionism]] and [[Art Nouveau]] led to the first Twentieth-Century art movements of [[Fauvism]] in France and [[Die Brücke]] ("The Bridge"} in Germany. Fauvism in Paris introduced heightened non-representational colour into figurative painting. Die Brücke strove for emotional [[Expressionism]]. Another German grouop was [[Der Blaue Reiter]] ("The Blue Rider"), led by [[Kandinsky]] in [[Munich]], who associated the blue rider image with a spiritual non-figurative mystical art of the future. Kandinsky was a pioneer of [[Abstract art|abstract]] (or non-representational) art. [[Cubism]], generated by [[Pablo Picasso|Picasso]] rejected the plastic norms of the [[Renaissance]] by introducing multiple perspectives into a two-dimensional image. [[Dadaism]], with its most notable exponent, [[Marcel Duchamp]], rejected conventional art styles altogether by exhbiting [[Found object|found objects]], notably a [[Fountain (Duchamp)|urinal]]. [[Futurism]] incorporated the depiction of movement and machine age imagery. | ||
| - | |||
| - | Parallel movements in Russia were [[Suprematism]], where [[Kasimir Malevich]] also created non-representational work, notably a black canvas. | ||
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| - | Dadaism evolved into [[Surrealism]], where the theories of [[Sigmund Freud|Freudian]] psychology led to the depiction of the dream and the unconscious in art in work by [[Salvador Dali]]. Kandinsky's introduction of non-representational art led to the 1950s American [[Abstract Expressionist|Abstract Expressionist]] school, including [[Jackson Pollock]], who dripped paint onto the canvas, and [[Mark Rothko]], who created large areas of flat colour. This detachment from the world of imagery was directly challenged in the 1960s by the [[Pop Art]] movement, notably [[Andy Warhol]], where brash commercial imagery became a Fine Art staple. Warhol also minimised the role of the artist, often employing assistants to make his work and using mechanical means of production, such as [[Screen-printing|silkscreen printing]]. This marked a change from [[Modernism]] to [[Post-Modernism]]. | ||
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| - | Subsequent initiatives towards the end of the century were a paring down of the material of art through [[Minimalism]] and its total rejection with [[Conceptual art]], where the idea, not the made object, was seen to be the art. The last decade of the century saw a fusion of earlier ideas in work by [[Jeff Koons]], who made large sculptures from [[kitsch]] subjects, and in the [[United Kingdom|UK]], the [[Young British Artists]], where Conceptual Art, Dada and Pop Art ideas led to [[Damien Hirst]]'s exhibition of a [[The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living|shark in formaldehyde in a vitrine]]. | ||
| - | ==See also== | ||
| - | *[[Modernism]] | ||
| - | *[[List of modern artists]] | ||
| - | *[[Contemporary art]] | ||
| - | *[[Postmodern art]] | ||
| - | *[[Late Modernism]] | ||
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Revision as of 12:23, 2 August 2008
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Faultlines in 20th century art
- Straight lines and geometric designs: art deco, International Style, De Stijl, minimalism, cubism
- Curvilinearity: Art Nouveau, Symbolism, Surrealism
- Wit vs seriousness
- Wit: Dada, Surrealism, Pop art, Postmodernism
- Serious: High Modernism (literature, architecture, arts)
- Cult of beauty vs the cult of ugliness (or sexuality vs asexuality)
- Beauty: Art Nouveau, Symbolism
- Ugliness: High Modernism, Pablo Picasso, Samuel Beckett, Expressionism, Abstract Expressionism
The classification above is indebted to the Sex in History by Gordon Rattray Taylor (see Matrism and Patrism) and the work of Camille Paglia, especially Sexual Personae. Both theorists classify along Apollonian and Dionysian axes.
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Faultlines in 20th century art" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
