Federico Castellón  

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Federico Castellon (1914 — 1971) was an Spanish-American painter, sculptor, print-maker and illustrator of children's books.

Castellon was born on Isla de Alborán, Spain, studied in Madrid and Paris and settled in Brooklyn, New York.


Federico Cristencia de Castellon y Martinez, better known as Federico Castellon, was a surrealist printmaker, illustrator, painter, and sculptor. He was born in Almeria, Spain in 1914. With his family, he immigrated in 1921 to the United States. They resided in Brooklyn, New York.

A fundamentally self-taught artist, Castellon began sketching at an early age. He took advantage of his family’s relocation and visited the museums of New York. Consequently, his influences ranged from Old Masters to the modern artists of his day, including Giorgio de Chirico, Pablo Picasso, Salvador Dali, and Georges Rouault.

Castellon attended Erasmus High School, where his teachers recognized his draughtsmanship. After graduation, he completed a mural for the school based on the subject of arts and sciences. The mural was informed by Castellon’s interest in the modern European movements, and it attracted critical attention when exhibited at Raymond & Raymond Galleries in New York before it was installed permantently in the school.

About this time, Castellon was introduced to Diego Rivera, who had an international reputation and was painting murals for Rockefeller Center. The older artist took an interest in the young man’s work and brought Castellon’s drawings to the attention of the director of the Weyhe Gallery in New York, who subsequently gave the eighteen-year old Castellon his first solo exhibition.

In 1934, with Rivera’s help, Castellon was awarded a four-year fellowship, sponsored by the Spanish Government, to travel throughout Europe to study painting and printmaking. During this same period, Castellon began to exhibit his work in museums in France and Spain.

In 1935, Castellon participated in the Paris Exhibition of Spanish Artists that included Pablo Picasso, Juan Gris, and Joan Miro.

In 1937, Castellon returned to New York and began experimenting with the medium of lithography, using this medium to create illustrations for Edgar Allen Poe’s allegorical tale, The Masque of Red Death. Over the years, Castellon’s work as an illustrator would eventually include Bullfinch's Mythology, The Story of Marco Polo, and The Little Prince.

In 1940, Castellon received the first of two Guggenheim fellowships. His work continued to attract attention as he was included in exhibitions at the Museum of Modern Art, the Whitney Museum of American Art, and the Art Institute of Chicago.

Castellon became an American citizen in 1943. During WW II he was with the OSS and assigned to the Burma theater. Throughout the 1940s and 1950s, his work was informed by his travels abroad: to China with the U.S. Army; to Italy on his second Guggenheim fellowship; and to Paris and Madrid, where he moved his family for a brief period during which he undertook commissions from American periodicals, including The Epic of Man series for LIFE magazine.

Although his formal education ended with high school, Castellon taught at Teachers' College of Columbia University, Pratt Institute, and Queens College. He was elected to membership in the National Academy of Design in New York, was awarded a First Prize from the Library of Congress, and he was a member of the Society of American Graphic Artists.

Castellon died in 1971. A retrospective of his prints was held at the Allied Artists of America in 1978. In 1982, a retrospective exhibiton of his work was held at Anderson & Anderson Master Prints (Loveland, Colorado). In 2004, his prints and paintings were exhibited at Emil Nelson Gallery (Denver, Colorado). In early 2010, Castellon’s work was exhibited at the Kalamazoo Institute, along with the graphic work of Francisco Goya.

Although Castellon worked in virtually every media, he remains best known for his early graphic work, particularly his lithographs and etchings, media in which he became a master. His prints and drawings of the early 1930s are the first examples of Surrealism created by an American; a considerable feat because Castellon produced these highly original works not only before his travels abroad, but before the seminal exhibition “Fantastic Art, Dada, Surrealism” at New York’s Museum of Modern Art.




Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Federico Castellón" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.

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