Phenomenology
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
“I speak, e.g., of my inkpot, and my inkpot also stands before me: I see it.” --Husserl in Logical Investigations |
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- (philosophy) The study of structures of consciousness as experienced from the first-person point of view.
- (philosophy) A movement based on this, originated about 1905 by Edmund Husserl.
Etymology
From the Ancient Greek φαινόμενον (phainómenon, “thing appearing to view”), from the verb φαίνω (phaínō, “to show itself, to be manifest”).
+ From the Ancient Greek λόγος (lógos, “the study of, an account, speech, oration, discourse, word, ratio, calculation, reason”).
Thus, by extension "the study of what shows itself (to consciousness").
According to Heidegger's Introduction to Phenomenological Research, "the expression “phenomenology” first appears in the eighteenth century in Christian Wolff’s School, in Lambert’s Neues Organon, in connection with analogous developments popular at the time, like dianoiology and alethiology, and means a theory of illusion, a doctrine for avoiding illusion." (p.3)
Phenomenology may refer to:
- Phenomenology (architecture), based on the experience of building materials and their sensory properties
- Phenomenology (archaeology), based upon understanding cultural landscapes from a sensory perspective
- Phenomenology (philosophy), a philosophical method and school of philosophy founded by Edmund Husserl (1859 – 1938)
- Phenomenology (psychology), used in psychology to refer to subjective experiences or their study
- Phenomenology (science), used in science to describe a body of knowledge which relates empirical observations of phenomena to each other
- Phenomenology of Perception, the magnum opus of French phenomenological philosopher Maurice Merleau-Ponty
- Phenomenology of religion, concerning the experiential aspect of religion in terms consistent with the orientation of the worshippers
- The Phenomenology of Spirit, a book by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
- Existential phenomenology, in the work of Husserl's student Martin Heidegger (1889–1976) and his followers
See also