Firmament  

From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia

Flammarion engraving, a wood engraving by an unknown artist, so named because its first documented appearance is in Camille Flammarion's 1888 book L'atmosphère: météorologie populaire ("The Atmosphere: Popular Meteorology").

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Wikipedia Wiktionary Shop Featured: Kunstformen der Natur (1904) by Ernst Haeckel

The Firmament is the usual English translation of the Hebrew "raqiya`" (pronounced /raki'ja/ in English) meaning an extended solid surface or dome, considered to be a hemisphere above the ground in many Near Eastern cosmologies.

See also

• Shamayim
• Hebrew astronomy
• Biblical cosmology
• Primum Mobile
• Celestial spheres