Frame problem
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In artificial intelligence, the frame problem was initially formulated as the problem of expressing a dynamical domain in logic without explicitly specifying which conditions are not affected by an action. John McCarthy and Patrick J. Hayes defined this problem in their 1969 article, Some Philosophical Problems from the Standpoint of Artificial Intelligence. Later, the term acquired a broader meaning in philosophy, where it is formulated as the problem of limiting the beliefs that have to be updated in response to actions.
The name "frame problem" derives from a common technique used by animated cartoon makers called framing where the currently moving parts of the cartoon are superimposed on the "frame," which depicts the background of the scene, which does not change. In the logical context, actions are typically specified by what they change, with the implicit assumption that everything else (the frame) remains unchanged.
Related problems
According to J. van Brakel, some other problems that are related to, or more specific versions of, the frame problem include the following:
- extended prediction problem
- holism problem
- inertia problem
- installation problem
- planning problem
- persistence problem
- qualification problem
- ramification problem
- relevance problem
- temporal projection problem
The frame problem in philosophy
In philosophy, the frame problem is about rationality in general, rather than formal logic in particular. The frame problem in philosophy is therefore the problem of how a rational agent bounds the set of beliefs to change when an action is performed.
See also
