Frank Crowninshield
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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Francis Welch Crowninshield (June 24, 1872 – December 28, 1947), better known as Frank or Crownie (informal), was an American journalist and art and theatre critic best known for developing and editing the magazine Vanity Fair for 21 years, making it a pre-eminent literary journal.
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Personal life
Crowninshield was born June 24, 1872 in Paris, France, to the Americans Frederic Crowninshield (1845–1918) and his wife, the former Helen Suzette Fairbanks, what he called "poor but good" members of the well-heeled Boston Brahmin Crowninshield family. His father, a man of "independent means", was a poet and a respected painter of landscape and murals. He served for two years as director of the American Academy in Rome.
As an adult Frank Crowninshield lived in New York City, where he was active in the high-class life and socialized on a regular basis with the elites of the period, as well as rising artists and writers. He was a member of the exclusive Knickerbocker Club and Union Club.
Crowninshield never married.
Vanity Fair
In 1914, Crowninshield – who was considered "the most cultivated, elegant, and endearing man in publishing, if not Manhattan" – was hired by his friend Condé Nast to become editor of the new Vanity Fair. Crowninshield immediately dropped the magazine's fashion elements and helped turn the periodical into the preeminent literary voice of sophisticated American society, a position it held until 1935. As young adults, Nast and Crowninshield were roommates.
During his tenure as editor, Crowninshield attracted the best writers of the era. In fact, Aldous Huxley, T. S. Eliot, Ferenc Molnár, Gertrude Stein, and Djuna Barnes, all appeared in the issue of July 1923, while some of F. Scott Fitzgerald's earliest works were published by the magazine. Dorothy Parker's first poem was bought for the magazine under Crowninshield's advisement, and the magazine was also the first to print reproductions of works by artists such as Picasso and Matisse.
Crowninshield revised the magazine's policies on advertising. In 1915, Vanity Fair published more pages of ads than any other magazine in the country, though the number dwindled under Crowninshield's leadership. The magazine lost valuable revenue, especially during and following the Great Depression, when businesses purchases fewer ads in any case.
Other work
Crowninshield remained active in the arts and high society. He often advised the affluent on art investments and helped develop younger artists of the period, including Clara Tice He built his own art collection as well, including a large assortment of African and modern French art.
Crowninshield was widely published outside Vanity Fair, including in Vogue, for which he later served as an editor, and The Century Magazine, where he had been an art critic.
Post-career
After his retirement, Crowninshield began to sell most of his private art collection. In 1943, he sold a total of 1019 items, earning a total of $181,747. His collection had included pieces from Impressionist and Modern artists such as Jules Pascin, Manet, Degas, Renoir, and others.
Crowninshield died December 28, 1947 at the age of 75. The New York Times credited Crowninshield with developing "café society" in the United States and noted his long leadership at Vanity Fair. He was buried at Mount Auburn Cemetery in Boston, Massachusetts.
In popular culture
- The film Mrs. Parker and the Vicious Circle (1994) featured Crowninshield played by the actor Peter Benchley.
