Freddie Gruber  

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Belgian literature in Flemish

• Freddie Gruber, 84, American jazz drummer.

With the success (de scandale, in a certain measure) of Sanin, Artsybashev shook himself free from whatever Tolstoyan and revolutionary notions he may have voiced earlier. Later novels such as Milliony (1910; Eng. tr., The Millionaire, 1915) and plays such as Revnost (1913; Eng. tr., Jealousy, 1923) and Zakon dikarya (1912?; Eng. tr., The Law of the Savage, 1923) treat, primarily, sexual problems. Artsybashev has an undeniable gift for bring ing out the biological element in human relations. Unfortunately, this gift is one-sided, reducing as it does the complexity of sexual and marital relations to one common denominator. His is also a depressing talent, for outside of a few sun-drenched pages in Sanin, his stories and plays are joyless and defeatist. The novel U posledney cherty (1912; Eng. tr., Breaking-Point, 1915) is a hymn to suicide, as the only dignified way out. Its hero, Nauniov, preaches the need of "destroying in men the superstition of life." Artsybashev's gloomy outlook was intensified after his exile from Soviet Russia (1921). During his last years he wrote nothing but venomous articles against the Bolsheviks; these were issued in book form as Zapiski pisatelya (Warsaw, 1925; Notes of a Writer). --from the "Columbia Dictionary Of Modern European Literature"

• Otto Tausig, 89, Austrian writer, director and actor.

Notably, in 44 BC, Julius Caesar was the subject of an official autopsy after his murder by rival senators, and the physician's report noted that the second stab wound Caesar received was the fatal one. Some historians believe that the word "forensic" itself relates to that autopsy conducted after Caesar's murder in the Roman Forum.