Fungibility
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| - | In [[social philosophy]], '''objectification''' is the act of treating a person, or sometimes an animal, as an [[object (philosophy)|object]] or a thing. | + | '''Fungibility''' is the property of a [[Good (economics)|good]] or a [[commodity]] whose individual units are capable of mutual substitution (i.e. interchangeability). That is, it is the property of essences or goods which are "capable of being substituted in place of one another." For example, since one ounce of pure [[gold]] is equivalent to any other ounce of pure gold (whether in coins, ingots or other forms), gold is '''fungible'''. Other fungible commodities include [[sweet crude oil]], company shares, bonds, other [[precious metal]]s, and [[currency|currencies]]. Fungibility refers only to the equivalence of each unit of a commodity with other units of the same commodity. Fungibility does not relate to the exchange of one commodity for another different commodity. |
| - | == Definitions == | + | The word comes from Latin ''fungibilis'' from ''fungī'', meaning "to perform", related to "function" and "defunct". |
| - | According to the philosopher [[Martha Nussbaum]], a person is objectified if one or more of the following properties are applied to them: | + | |
| - | # '''Instrumentality''' – treating the person as a [[tool]] for another's purposes | + | |
| - | # '''Denial of [[autonomy]]''' – treating the person as lacking in autonomy or [[self-determination]] | + | |
| - | # '''[[Inert]]ness''' – treating the person as lacking in [[Agency (philosophy)|agency]] or [[Action (philosophy)|activity]] | + | |
| - | # '''[[Fungibility]]''' – treating the person as interchangeable with (other) objects | + | |
| - | # '''Violability''' – treating the person as lacking in boundary integrity and violable, "as something that it is permissible to break up, smash, break into." | + | |
| - | # '''[[Ownership]]''' – treating the person as though they can be owned, bought, or sold | + | |
| - | # '''Denial of [[subjectivity]]''' – treating the person as though there is no need for concern for their experiences or feelings | + | |
| - | Nussbaum has argued that the topic of objectification is not only important to sexuality, which has been discussed at length, but to the [[Marxism|Marxist]] view on [[capitalism]] and [[slavery]]. Nussbaum argues that potentially not all forms of objectification are inherently negative acts and that objectification may not always be present when one of the seven properties is present. | ||
| - | |||
| - | [[Rae Helen Langton]], in ''[[Sexual Solipsism: Philosophical Essays on Pornography and Objectification]]'', proposed three more properties to be added to Nussbaum's list: | ||
| - | # '''Reduction to body''' – the treatment of a person as identified with their body, or body parts; | ||
| - | # '''Reduction to appearance''' – the treatment of a person primarily in terms of how they look, or how they appear to the senses; | ||
| - | # '''Silencing''' – the treatment of a person as if they are silent, lacking the capacity to speak. | ||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| - | * [[Dehumanization]] | + | *[[Interchangeable parts]] |
| - | * [[Reification (Marxism)]] | + | |
| - | * [[Sexual objectification]] | + | |
| {{GFDL}} | {{GFDL}} | ||
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Fungibility is the property of a good or a commodity whose individual units are capable of mutual substitution (i.e. interchangeability). That is, it is the property of essences or goods which are "capable of being substituted in place of one another." For example, since one ounce of pure gold is equivalent to any other ounce of pure gold (whether in coins, ingots or other forms), gold is fungible. Other fungible commodities include sweet crude oil, company shares, bonds, other precious metals, and currencies. Fungibility refers only to the equivalence of each unit of a commodity with other units of the same commodity. Fungibility does not relate to the exchange of one commodity for another different commodity.
The word comes from Latin fungibilis from fungī, meaning "to perform", related to "function" and "defunct".
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