Gilles Deleuze
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
"We're tired of trees. We should stop believing in trees, roots, and radicles. They've made us suffer too much. All of arborescent culture is founded on them, from biology to linguistics." --A Thousand Plateaus (1980) by Deleuze & Guattari, p. 15 |
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Gilles Deleuze (18 January 1925 – 4 November 1995) was a French philosopher who, from the early 1950s until his death in 1995, wrote on philosophy, literature, film, and fine art. His most popular works were the two volumes of Capitalism and Schizophrenia: Anti-Oedipus (1972) and A Thousand Plateaus (1980), both co-written with psychoanalyst Félix Guattari. His metaphysical treatise Difference and Repetition (1968) is considered by many scholars to be his magnum opus. An important part of Deleuze's oeuvre is devoted to the reading of other philosophers: the Stoics, Leibniz, Hume, Kant, Nietzsche, and Bergson, with particular influence derived from Spinoza. A. W. Moore, citing Bernard Williams's criteria for a great thinker, ranks Deleuze among the "greatest philosophers". Although he once characterized himself as a "pure metaphysician", his work has influenced a variety of disciplines across the humanities, including philosophy, art, and literary theory, as well as movements such as post-structuralism and postmodernism.
His books Difference and Repetition (1968) and The Logic of Sense (1969) led Michel Foucault to declare that "one day, perhaps, this century will be called Deleuzian." (Deleuze, for his part, said Foucault's comment was "a joke meant to make people who like us laugh, and make everyone else livid." The best online introduction to his thought is L'Abécédaire de Gilles Deleuze.
Bibliography
By Gilles Deleuze:
- Empirisme et subjectivité (1953). Trans. Empiricism and Subjectivity (1991).
- Nietzsche et la philosophie (1962). Trans. Nietzsche and Philosophy (1983).
- La philosophie critique de Kant (1963). Trans. Kant's Critical Philosophy (1983).
- Proust et les signes (1964, 2nd exp. ed. 1976). Trans. Proust and Signs (1973, 2nd exp. ed. 2000).
- Le Bergsonisme (1966). Trans. Bergsonism (1988).
- Présentation de Sacher-Masoch (1967). Trans. Masochism: Coldness and Cruelty (1989).
- Différence et répétition (1968). Trans. Difference and Repetition (1994).
- Spinoza et le problème de l'expression (1968). Trans. Expressionism in Philosophy: Spinoza (1990).
- Logique du sens (1969). Trans. The Logic of Sense (1990).
- Spinoza - Philosophie pratique (1970, 2nd ed. 1981). Trans. Spinoza: Practical Philosophy (1988).
- Dialogues (1977, 2nd exp. ed. 1996, with Claire Parnet). Trans. Dialogues (1987, 2nd exp. ed. 2002).
- Superpositions (1979).
- Francis Bacon - Logique de la sensation (1981). Trans. Francis Bacon: Logic of Sensation (2003).
- Cinéma I: L'image-mouvement (1983). Trans. Cinema 1: The Movement-Image (1986).
- Cinéma II: L'image-temps (1985). Trans. Cinema 2: The Time-Image (1989).
- Foucault (1986). Trans. Foucault (1988).
- Le pli - Leibniz et le baroque (1988). Trans. The Fold: Leibniz and the Baroque (1993).
- Périclès et Verdi: La philosophie de Francois Châtelet (1988).
- Pourparlers (1990). Trans. Negotiations (1995).
- Critique et clinique (1993). Trans. Essays Critical and Clinical (1997).
- Pure Immanence (2001).
- L'île déserte et autres textes (2002). Trans. Desert Islands and Other Texts 1953-1974 (2003).
- Deux régimes de fous et autres textes (2004). Trans. Two Regimes of Madness: Texts and Interviews 1975-1995 (2006).
In collaboration with Félix Guattari:
- Capitalisme et Schizophrénie 1. L'Anti-Œdipe. (1972). Trans. Anti-Oedipus (1977).
- Kafka: Pour une Littérature Mineure. (1975). Trans. Kafka: Towards a Minor Literature. (1986).
- Rhizome. (1976).
- Nomadology: The War Machine. (1986).
- Capitalisme et Schizophrénie 2. Mille Plateaux. (1980). Trans. A Thousand Plateaus (1987).
- Qu'est-ce que la philosophie? (1991). Trans. What Is Philosophy? (1996).
Most of Deleuze's courses are available, in several languages, here.
Select secondary sources:
- Descombes, Vincent (1979). Le Même et L'Autre. Minuit. Trans. Modern French Philosophy. Cambridge University Press.
- Foucault, Michel (1970). "Theatrum Philosophicum", Critique 282, pp. 885-908. Trans. in Foucault, Language, Counter-Memory, and Practice, pp. 165-198. Cornell University Press.
- Frank, Manfred (1984). Was Ist Neostrukturalismus? Suhrkamp. Trans. What Is Neostructuralism? University of Minnesota Press.
- Hardt, Michael (1993). Gilles Deleuze: An Apprenticeship in Philosophy. University of Minnesota Press.
- Lecercle, Jean-Jacques (1985). Philosophy through the Looking-Glass. Open Court.
- May, Todd (2005). Gilles Deleuze: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press.
- Williams, James (2003). Gilles Deleuze's Difference and Repetition: A Critical Introduction and Guide. Edinburgh University Press.
Legacy
Gilles Deleuze was influenced by Spinoza, Nietzsche, Bergson and influenced many others.
See also
- Affect (philosophy)
- Concept
- Deterritorialization
- Percept
- Rhizome
- Gilbert Simondon's theory of psychic and collective individuation
- Minority
- Schizoanalysis
- Plane of immanence
- Problem of futures contingents