Gregg Toland
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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Gregg Wesley Toland, A.S.C. (May 29, 1904 – September 28, 1948) was an American cinematographer known for his innovative use of techniques such as deep focus, examples of which can be found in his work on Orson Welles' Citizen Kane (1941), William Wyler's The Best Years of Our Lives (1946), and John Ford's The Grapes of Wrath, and The Long Voyage Home (both, 1940). Toland is also known for his work as a director of photography for Wuthering Heights (1939), The Westerner (1940), The Outlaw (1940), Ball of Fire (1941), Song of the South (1946), and The Bishop's Wife (1947).
Over Toland's career he earned six Academy Award nominations for Best Cinematography including one win for his work on the film Wuthering Heights. Toland was voted as one of the top 10 most influential cinematographers in the history of film alongside James Wong Howe, Gordon Willis, Sven Nykvist, Vittorio Storaro, and Vilmos Zsigmond, by the International Cinematographers Guild in 2003.