Had I but known
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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"Had I but known" is a form of foreshadowing that hints at some looming disaster in which the first-person narrator laments his or her course of action which precipitates some or other unfortunate series of actions. Classically, the narrator never makes explicit the nature of the mistake until both the narrator and the reader have realized the consequence of the error. If done well, this literary device can add suspense or dramatic irony; if overdone, it invites comparison of the story to Victorian melodrama and sub-standard popular fiction.
The phrase is used to refer to a group of Golden Age mystery writers, mostly female, who wrote novels characterized by the use of the "had I but known" plot in which the narrator keeps key pieces of evidence from the police, apparently for the sole purpose of prolonging their work. The HIBK school is centred around the works of Mary Roberts Rinehart, specifically The Circular Staircase (1908), in which "a middle-aged spinster is persuaded by her niece and nephew to rent a country house for the summer. The house they choose belonged to a bank defaulter who had hidden stolen securities in the walls. The gentle, peace-loving trio is plunged into a series of crimes solved with the help of the aunt. This novel is credited with being the first in the "Had-I-But-Known" school.
Other possible members of the HIBK school include Ethel Lina White and Lenore Glen Offord, although reference to their more popular works provides no specific instance of HIBK construction. It is possible that the novels of most authors in the HIBK school are entirely forgotten today, having never been reprinted due to the public's dislike for the HIBK device.
The HIBK school was parodied by Ogden Nash in his poem "Don't Guess, Let Me Tell You".
“Had-I-But-Known narrators are the ones who hear a stealthy creak at midnight in the tower where the body lies, and, instead of locking their door or arousing the drowsy policeman posted outside their room, sneak off by themselves to the tower and suddenly they hear a breath exhaled behind them, And they have no time to scream, they know nothing else till the men from the D.A.'s office come in next morning and find them. ... And when the killer is finally trapped into a confession by some elaborate device of the Had I But Known-er some hundred pages later than if they hadn’t held their knowledge aloof, Why, they say, why Inspector I knew all along it was he but I couldn’t tell you, you would have laughed at me unless I had absolute proof."
