Funk
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
"Afrofuturist ideas were taken up in 1975 by George Clinton and his bands Parliament and Funkadelic with his magnum opus Mothership Connection and the subsequent The Clones of Dr. Funkenstein, P-Funk Earth Tour, Funkentelechy vs. the Placebo Syndrome, and Motor Booty Affair. In the thematic underpinnings to P-Funk mythology ("pure cloned funk"), Clinton in his alter ego Starchild spoke of "certified Afronauts, capable of funkitizing galaxies." --Sholem Stein "The Techno Rebels are, whether they recognize it or not, agents of the Third Wave. They will not vanish but multiply in the years ahead. For they are as much part of the advance to a new stage of civilisation as our missions to Venus, our amazing computers, our biological discoveries, or our explorations of the oceanic depths."--The Third Wave (1980) by Alvin Toffler, cited in "Machine Soul: A History Of Techno" (1993) by Jon Savage |
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Funk originated in the mid-1960s, with James Brown's development of a signature groove that emphasized the downbeat—with heavy emphasis on the first beat of every measure ("The One"), and the application of swung 16th notes and syncopation on all basslines, drum patterns, and guitar riffs. Other musical groups, including Sly and the Family Stone, Kool and the Gang, Parliament-Funkadelic, B.T. Express, Fatback Band, Slave and Ohio Players, began to adopt and develop Brown's innovations in 1970s.
Funk derivatives include the psychedelic funk of Sly Stone and George Clinton; the avant-funk of groups such as Talking Heads and the Pop Group; boogie; a hybrid of boogie, disco music and funk, funk metal; a mix of funk and metal (example, Living Colour); G-funk, a mix of gangsta rap and funk; Timba, a form of funky Cuban dance music and funk jam. Funk samples and breakbeats have been used extensively in hip hop and various forms of electronic dance music, such as house music, and Detroit techno. It is also the main influence of Washington go-go (Chuck Brown, Trouble Funk, EU), a subgenre associated with funk.
See also
Related: Afro funk - American music - disco - deep funk - electro-funk - black music - "Funky Drummer" - jazz funk - James Brown - Cymande - Jorge Ben - soul music - P-Funk - rare grooves - George Clinton