Hierarchy
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| + | [[Image:Flatland.jpg|thumb|left|200px|''[[Flatland|Flatland: A Romance of Many Dimensions]]'' is an [[1884]] novella by [[Edwin Abbott Abbott]], still popular among [[mathematics]] and [[computer science]] students, and considered useful reading for people studying topics such as the concept of other [[dimension]]s. As a piece of literature, Flatland is respected for its satire on the [[social hierarchy]] of [[Victorian era|Victorian]] society. ]] | ||
| + | [[Image:Pyramid of Capitalist System.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[Pyramid of Capitalist System]]'', anonymous American cartoon (1911)]] | ||
| + | [[Image:Taxonomy of L’Encyclopédie (1751).jpeg|thumb|right|200px|Taxonomy of the ''Encyclopédie'', the so-called [[Figurative system of human knowledge]]]] | ||
| [[Image:God.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Detail of [[Sistine Chapel]] fresco ''[[Creation of the Sun and Moon]]'' by [[Michelangelo]] (completed [[1512]]), , a well-known example of the depiction of [[God the Father]] in Western art.]] | [[Image:God.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Detail of [[Sistine Chapel]] fresco ''[[Creation of the Sun and Moon]]'' by [[Michelangelo]] (completed [[1512]]), , a well-known example of the depiction of [[God the Father]] in Western art.]] | ||
| {{Template}} | {{Template}} | ||
| - | A '''hierarchy''' (Greek: hierarchia (ἱεραρχία), from [[hierarch]]es, "leader of sacred rites") is an arrangement of items (objects, names, values, categories, etc.) in which the items are represented as being "above," "below," or "at the same level as" one another. Abstractly, a hierarchy can be [[Mathematical model|modelled mathematically]] as a [[rooted tree]]: the root of the tree forms the top level, and the children of a given vertex are at the same level, below their common parent. | + | A '''hierarchy''' (Greek: hierarchia (ἱεραρχία), from [[hierarch]]es, "leader of sacred rites", ultimately from ''[[hieros]]'', sacred) is an [[arrangement]] of items ([[object]]s, [[name]]s, [[values]], [[categories]], etc.) in which the items are represented as being "above," "below," or "at the same level as" one another. Abstractly, a hierarchy can be [[Mathematical model|modelled mathematically]] as a [[tree structure]]. |
| - | A hierarchy (sometimes abbreviated HR) can link entities either directly or indirectly, and either vertically or horizontally. The only direct links in a hierarchy, insofar as they are hierarchical, are to one's immediate superior or to one of one's subordinates, although a system that is largely hierarchical can also incorporate alternative hierarchies. Indirect hierarchical links can extend "vertically" upwards or downwards via multiple links in the same direction, following a [[path (graph theory)|path]]. All parts of the hierarchy which are not linked vertically to one another nevertheless can be "horizontally" linked through a path by traveling up the hierarchy to find a common direct or indirect superior, and then down again. This is akin to two [[co-worker]]s or [[colleague]]s; each reports to a common superior, but they have the same relative amount of authority. Organizational forms exist that are both alternative and complimentary to hierarchy. [[Heterarchy]] (sometimes abbreviated HT) is one such form. | + | Almost every [[system]] within the world is arranged hierarchically. By their common definitions, every [[nation]] has a government and every government is hierarchical. Socioeconomic systems are stratified into a social hierarchy (the [[social stratification]] of societies), and all [[systematic name|systematic classification schemes]] are hierarchical. Most [[organized religion]]s operate as a hierarchy under [[God]]. Families are viewed as a hierarchical structure in terms of cousinship, [[ancestry]] (as depicted in a [[family tree]]) and [[inheritance]]. All the requisites of a well-rounded life and [[lifestyle (sociology)|lifestyle]] can be organized using [[Maslow's hierarchy of needs|Maslow's hierarchy of human needs]]. [[Learning]] must often follow a hierarchical scheme. Even [[nature]] itself has its own hierarchies, as demonstrated in numerous schemes such as [[Linnaean taxonomy]], the [[biological organisation|organization of life]], and [[biomass pyramid]]s. Hierarchies are so infused into [[daily life]] that they are viewed as trivial. |
| + | Most [[library classification]] systems are also hierarchical. The [[Dewey Decimal System]] is regarded as infinitely hierarchical because there is no finite bound on the number of digits can be used after the decimal point. | ||
| == Alternatives == | == Alternatives == | ||
| - | * [[Rhizome]] | + | * [[Rhizome (philosophy)]] |
| * [[Democracy]] | * [[Democracy]] | ||
| * [[Anarchism]] as a social/political theory and practice | * [[Anarchism]] as a social/political theory and practice | ||
| * [[Peer-to-peer]] networks | * [[Peer-to-peer]] networks | ||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| + | *[[Hierarchy of Cuckoldry]] (1924) by [[Charles Fourier]] | ||
| + | *''[[Highbrow/Lowbrow: The Emergence of Cultural Hierarchy in America]]'' (1988) by Lawrence W. Levine | ||
| + | *[[Ontology]] | ||
| + | *[[Power]] | ||
| *[[We're tired of trees]] | *[[We're tired of trees]] | ||
| *[[Interconnectedness]] | *[[Interconnectedness]] | ||
| *[[Hierarchy of genres|Hierarchy of the arts]] | *[[Hierarchy of genres|Hierarchy of the arts]] | ||
| - | + | *[[Figurative system of human knowledge]] | |
| {{GFDL}} | {{GFDL}} | ||
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A hierarchy (Greek: hierarchia (ἱεραρχία), from hierarches, "leader of sacred rites", ultimately from hieros, sacred) is an arrangement of items (objects, names, values, categories, etc.) in which the items are represented as being "above," "below," or "at the same level as" one another. Abstractly, a hierarchy can be modelled mathematically as a tree structure.
Almost every system within the world is arranged hierarchically. By their common definitions, every nation has a government and every government is hierarchical. Socioeconomic systems are stratified into a social hierarchy (the social stratification of societies), and all systematic classification schemes are hierarchical. Most organized religions operate as a hierarchy under God. Families are viewed as a hierarchical structure in terms of cousinship, ancestry (as depicted in a family tree) and inheritance. All the requisites of a well-rounded life and lifestyle can be organized using Maslow's hierarchy of human needs. Learning must often follow a hierarchical scheme. Even nature itself has its own hierarchies, as demonstrated in numerous schemes such as Linnaean taxonomy, the organization of life, and biomass pyramids. Hierarchies are so infused into daily life that they are viewed as trivial.
Most library classification systems are also hierarchical. The Dewey Decimal System is regarded as infinitely hierarchical because there is no finite bound on the number of digits can be used after the decimal point.
[edit]
Alternatives
- Rhizome (philosophy)
- Democracy
- Anarchism as a social/political theory and practice
- Peer-to-peer networks
[edit]
See also
- Hierarchy of Cuckoldry (1924) by Charles Fourier
- Highbrow/Lowbrow: The Emergence of Cultural Hierarchy in America (1988) by Lawrence W. Levine
- Ontology
- Power
- We're tired of trees
- Interconnectedness
- Hierarchy of the arts
- Figurative system of human knowledge
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