Ibn al-Nafis
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| - | The history of prose fiction remains heterogeneous with parallel developments all around the globe. Early examples of prose novels include ''[[The Tale of Genji]]'' by [[Murasaki Shikibu]] in the 11th century, ''[[Hayy ibn Yaqdhan|Philosophus Autodidactus]]'' by [[Ibn Tufail]] in the 12th century, ''[[Ibn al-Nafis#Theologus Autodidactus|Theologus Autodidactus]]'' by [[Ibn al-Nafis]] in the 13th century, and ''[[Romance of the Three Kingdoms]]'' by [[Luo Guanzhong]] in the 14th century. The inventions of paper and movable letters became, however, key factors the genre needed to step from isolated traditions into a market of exchange and awareness of the genre. Spanish, French, German, Dutch and English became the first languages of the new market. The national risings of the USA, Russia, Scandinavia and Latin America widened the spectrum in the 19th century. A wave of new literatures has brought forth novels with Asian and African authors since then. Their novels became already contributions the history of world literature the 19th century created and the 20th century nourished with international awards such as the Nobel Prize in Literature; they make it problematic for any nation to remain unvoiced and unheard of. The novel has become a medium of national awareness on a global scale. The establishment of literature as the realm of fictions to be discussed, a 19th century development, became the moving force behind this development. | + | '''Ala al-Din Abu al-Hassan Ali ibn Abi-Hazm al-Qurashi al-Dimashqi''' ({{lang-ar|علاء الدين أبو الحسن عليّ بن أبي حزم القرشي الدمشقي}}) (1213 CE – 1288 CE / [[7th century AH|687 AH]]), commonly known as '''Ibn al-Nafis''' ({{lang-ar|ابن النفيس}}), was an [[Arab]] [[Muslim]] [[polymath]]—a [[Islamic medicine|physician, anatomist, physiologist, surgeon]], [[Ophthalmology in medieval Islam|ophthalmologist]], [[Hafiz (Quran)|Hafiz]], [[Muhaddith|Hadith scholar]], [[Shafi`i]] [[Fiqh|jurist]] and [[Sharia|lawyer]], [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] [[Kalam|theologian]], [[Early Islamic philosophy|Islamic philosopher]], [[Logic in Islamic philosophy|logician]], [[novel]]ist, [[Muslim psychology|psychologist]], [[Early Muslim sociology|sociologist]], [[Islamic science|scientist]], [[science fiction]] writer, [[Islamic astronomy|astronomer, cosmologist]], [[futurist]], [[Islamic geography|geologist]], [[Arabic grammar|grammarian, linguist]] and [[Historiography of early Islam|historian]]—who was born in [[Damascus]], [[Syria]], and worked in [[Cairo]], [[Egypt]].{{GFDL}} |
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Ala al-Din Abu al-Hassan Ali ibn Abi-Hazm al-Qurashi al-Dimashqi (Template:Lang-ar) (1213 CE – 1288 CE / 687 AH), commonly known as Ibn al-Nafis (Template:Lang-ar), was an Arab Muslim polymath—a physician, anatomist, physiologist, surgeon, ophthalmologist, Hafiz, Hadith scholar, Shafi`i jurist and lawyer, Sunni theologian, Islamic philosopher, logician, novelist, psychologist, sociologist, scientist, science fiction writer, astronomer, cosmologist, futurist, geologist, grammarian, linguist and historian—who was born in Damascus, Syria, and worked in Cairo, Egypt.
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