Invention
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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| + | [[Image:View from the Window at Le Gras.jpg|thumb|left|200px|''[[View from the Window at Le Gras]]'' is one of [[Nicéphore Niépce]]'s earliest surviving photographs, circa [[1826]].]] | ||
| + | {| class="toccolours" style="float: left; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 2em; font-size: 85%; background:#c6dbf7; color:black; width:30em; max-width: 40%;" cellspacing="5" | ||
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| + | "The work of [[Alexius Pedemontanus]] [[The Secrets of Alexis of Piedmont|''De Secretis'']] is no contemptible source from which materials may be drawn for the [[technology|technological]] History of [[Invention]]s; and on this account it will perhaps afford pleasure to many if I here give an account of the author, according to such information as I have been able to obtain."--''[[A History of Inventions, Discoveries, and Origins]]'' (1797) by Johann Beckmann | ||
| + | <hr> | ||
| + | "It was an essential feature of the [[European Renaissance]] to praise recent [[discovery|discoveries]] and [[achievement]]s as a means to assert the independence of [[modern culture]] from the institutions and wisdom inherited from Classical (Greek and Roman) authorities. From the first years of the sixteenth century, a key conceit used to this end by the most eminent humanists ([[François Rabelais]], [[Gerolamo Cardano]], [[Jean Bodin]], [[Tommaso Campanella]], [[Francis Bacon]], etc.) was that of the "'''Three Greatest Inventions of Modern Times'''" — the [[printing press]], [[firearm]]s, and the nautical [[compass]] — which together allowed the Moderns to communicate, exert power, and travel at distances never imagined by the Ancients. When the [[quarrel of the Ancients and the Moderns]] later arose in France, this conceit of "Three Greatest Inventions of Modern Times" would almost invariably be adduced as evidence of the Moderns' superiority."--Sholem Stein | ||
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| + | [[Image:Train wreck at Montparnasse 1895.jpg|thumb|right|200px| | ||
| + | An example of the [[integral accident]]. | ||
| + | <br>Illustration: ''[[Train wreck at Montparnasse]]'' ([[October 22]], [[1895]]) by Studio Lévy and Sons]] | ||
| {{Template}} | {{Template}} | ||
| - | :''[[downside of inventions]]'' | ||
| An '''invention''' is a new composition, [[device]], or process. An invention may be derived from a pre-existing model or [[idea]], or it could be independently conceived in which case it may be a radical breakthrough. In addition, there is '''[[cultural invention]]''', which is an [[innovative]] set of useful [[social behavior]]s adopted by people and passed on to others. Inventions often extend the boundaries of human knowledge or experience. An invention that is [[novelty (patent)|novel]] and [[inventive step and non-obviousness|not obvious]] to [[person skilled in the art|others skilled in the same field]] may be able to obtain the legal protection of a [[patent]]. | An '''invention''' is a new composition, [[device]], or process. An invention may be derived from a pre-existing model or [[idea]], or it could be independently conceived in which case it may be a radical breakthrough. In addition, there is '''[[cultural invention]]''', which is an [[innovative]] set of useful [[social behavior]]s adopted by people and passed on to others. Inventions often extend the boundaries of human knowledge or experience. An invention that is [[novelty (patent)|novel]] and [[inventive step and non-obviousness|not obvious]] to [[person skilled in the art|others skilled in the same field]] may be able to obtain the legal protection of a [[patent]]. | ||
| + | ==Downside of inventions== | ||
| + | :''[[integral accident]]'' | ||
| + | As [[Paul Virilio]] has noted, every new [[invention]] has a downside which we are unwilling to acknowledge in the name of [[progress]]: the invention of automobiles inaugurated car-[[crash]]es; the invention of nuclear energy, [[Hiroshima]] and [[Tchernobyl]]. The technologies of [[instant communication]]s have invented [[pure war]]. | ||
| == See also == | == See also == | ||
| <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2;"> | <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2;"> | ||
| - | * [[List of Australian inventions]] | ||
| - | * [[Bayh-Dole Act]] | ||
| - | * [[Chindōgu]] | ||
| * [[Creativity]] | * [[Creativity]] | ||
| * [[Creativity techniques]] | * [[Creativity techniques]] | ||
| * [[Diffusion of innovations]] | * [[Diffusion of innovations]] | ||
| - | * [[Directive on the patentability of biotechnological inventions|EU Directive on the patentability of biotechnological inventions]] | ||
| - | * [[Directive on the patentability of computer-implemented inventions|EU Directive on the patentability of computer-implemented inventions]] ''(proposed, then rejected)'' | ||
| * [[Discovery (observation)|Discovery]] | * [[Discovery (observation)|Discovery]] | ||
| - | * [[Edisonian approach]] | + | * [[List of inventors killed by their own inventions]] |
| - | * ''[[The Illustrated Science and Invention Encyclopedia]]'' | + | |
| - | * [[Independent inventor]] | + | |
| - | * [[International Innovation Index]] | + | |
| - | * [[Invention promotion firm]] | + | |
| - | * [[Inventive step and non-obviousness]] ([[patentability]] requirements) | + | |
| - | * [[Inventor's Day]] | + | |
| - | * [[Islamic inventions]] | + | |
| - | * [[Kranzberg's laws of technology]] | + | |
| - | * [[Lemelson-MIT Prize]] | + | |
| - | * [[List of Chinese inventions]] | + | |
| - | * [[List of Russian inventors]] | + | |
| - | * [[Timeline of Russian inventions]] | + | |
| - | * [[English inventions and discoveries]] | + | |
| - | * [[List of Indian inventions]] | + | |
| - | * [[List of United States inventions]] | + | |
| - | * [[List of inventions named after people]] | + | |
| - | * [[List of inventors]] | + | |
| - | * [[List of prolific inventors]] | + | |
| * [[Mad scientist]] | * [[Mad scientist]] | ||
| * [[Mind's eye]] | * [[Mind's eye]] | ||
| * [[Multiple discovery]] | * [[Multiple discovery]] | ||
| - | * [[National Inventors Hall of Fame]] | ||
| * [[Technology]] | * [[Technology]] | ||
| * [[The heroic theory of invention and scientific development]] | * [[The heroic theory of invention and scientific development]] | ||
| * [[Timeline of historic inventions]], for a detailed list of inventions, listed by date of invention | * [[Timeline of historic inventions]], for a detailed list of inventions, listed by date of invention | ||
| - | * [[TRIZ]] approach | ||
| </div> | </div> | ||
| {{GFDL}} | {{GFDL}} | ||
Current revision
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"The work of Alexius Pedemontanus De Secretis is no contemptible source from which materials may be drawn for the technological History of Inventions; and on this account it will perhaps afford pleasure to many if I here give an account of the author, according to such information as I have been able to obtain."--A History of Inventions, Discoveries, and Origins (1797) by Johann Beckmann "It was an essential feature of the European Renaissance to praise recent discoveries and achievements as a means to assert the independence of modern culture from the institutions and wisdom inherited from Classical (Greek and Roman) authorities. From the first years of the sixteenth century, a key conceit used to this end by the most eminent humanists (François Rabelais, Gerolamo Cardano, Jean Bodin, Tommaso Campanella, Francis Bacon, etc.) was that of the "Three Greatest Inventions of Modern Times" — the printing press, firearms, and the nautical compass — which together allowed the Moderns to communicate, exert power, and travel at distances never imagined by the Ancients. When the quarrel of the Ancients and the Moderns later arose in France, this conceit of "Three Greatest Inventions of Modern Times" would almost invariably be adduced as evidence of the Moderns' superiority."--Sholem Stein |
Illustration: Train wreck at Montparnasse (October 22, 1895) by Studio Lévy and Sons
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An invention is a new composition, device, or process. An invention may be derived from a pre-existing model or idea, or it could be independently conceived in which case it may be a radical breakthrough. In addition, there is cultural invention, which is an innovative set of useful social behaviors adopted by people and passed on to others. Inventions often extend the boundaries of human knowledge or experience. An invention that is novel and not obvious to others skilled in the same field may be able to obtain the legal protection of a patent.
Downside of inventions
As Paul Virilio has noted, every new invention has a downside which we are unwilling to acknowledge in the name of progress: the invention of automobiles inaugurated car-crashes; the invention of nuclear energy, Hiroshima and Tchernobyl. The technologies of instant communications have invented pure war.
See also
- Creativity
- Creativity techniques
- Diffusion of innovations
- Discovery
- List of inventors killed by their own inventions
- Mad scientist
- Mind's eye
- Multiple discovery
- Technology
- The heroic theory of invention and scientific development
- Timeline of historic inventions, for a detailed list of inventions, listed by date of invention
