Vermes
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| + | '''Vermes''' ("[[worm]]s") is an obsolete [[taxon]] used by [[Carl Linnaeus]] and [[Jean-Baptiste Lamarck]] for non-[[arthropod]] [[invertebrate]] [[animal]]s. | ||
| - | In [[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]]'s original scheme, the animals were one of three kingdoms, divided into the classes of [[Vermes]], [[Insect]]a, [[Fish|Pisces]], [[Amphibia]], [[bird|Aves]], and [[Mammal]]ia. Since then the last four have all been subsumed into a single phylum, the [[chordate|Chordata]], whereas the various other forms have been separated out. The above lists represent our current understanding of the group, though there is some variation from source to source. | + | ==Linnaeus== |
| + | {{further|Vermes in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae|label1=Vermes in the 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae''}} | ||
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| + | In Linnaeus's ''[[Systema Naturae]]'', the Vermes had the rank of [[class (biology)|class]], occupying the 6th (and last) slot of his animal systematics. It was divided into the following [[order (biology)|order]]s, all except the Lithophyta containing (in modern terms) organisms from a varfiety of phyla: | ||
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| + | * Intestina, including [[horsehair worm]]s, [[earthworm]]s, [[roundworm]]s, [[liver fluke]]s, [[leech]]es, [[hagfish]]es, and [[shipworm]]s | ||
| + | * Mollusca, including [[slug]]s, [[sea slug]]s, [[polychaete]]s, [[sea mouse|sea mice]], [[priapulid]]s, [[salp]]s, [[jellyfish]], [[starfish]], and [[sea urchin]]s | ||
| + | * Testacea, including [[chiton]]s, [[barnacle]]s, [[clam]]s, [[cockle (bivalve)|cockles]], [[nautilus]]es, [[snail]]s and [[serpulidae|serpulid worms]] | ||
| + | * Lithophyta, including various [[coral]]s | ||
| + | * Zoophyta, including [[bryozoa]]ns, [[coralline algae]], ''[[Hydra (genus)|Hydra]]'', [[sea pen]]s, [[tapeworm]]s, and ''[[Volvox]]'' | ||
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| + | Apart from the [[Mollusc]]a, understood very differently from the modern phylum of that name, Linnaeus included a very diverse and rather mismatched assemblage of animals in the categories. The Intestina group encompassed various [[parasite|parasitic]] animals, among them the [[hagfish]], which Linnaeus would have found in dead fish. Shelled molluscs were placed in the Testacea, together with [[barnacle]]s and [[Tube worm (body plan)|tube worms]]. [[Cnidaria]]ns (jellyfish and corals), [[Echinoderm]]s and [[Polychaeta|polychaetes]] were spread across the other orders. | ||
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| + | ==Lamarck== | ||
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| + | Linnaeus's system was revised by [[Jean-Baptiste Lamarck]] in his 1801 ''Système des Animaux sans Vertebres''. In this work, he categorized [[echinoderm]]s, [[arachnid]]s, [[crustacean]]s and [[annelid]]s, which he separated from ''Vermes''. | ||
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| + | ==Modern== | ||
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| + | After Linnaeus, and especially with the advent of Darwinism, it became apparent that the Vermes animals are not closely related. Systematic works on [[phylum|phyla]] since Linnaeus continued to split up Vermes and sort the animals into natural systematic units. | ||
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| + | Of the classes of Vermes proposed by Linnaeus, only [[Mollusca]] has been kept as a phylum, and its composition has changed almost entirely. Linnaeus's early classification of the [[soft-bodied organisms]] was revolutionary in its day. A number of the organisms classified as Vermes by Linnaeus were very poorly known, and a number of them were not even viewed as animals. | ||
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Vermes ("worms") is an obsolete taxon used by Carl Linnaeus and Jean-Baptiste Lamarck for non-arthropod invertebrate animals.
Linnaeus
In Linnaeus's Systema Naturae, the Vermes had the rank of class, occupying the 6th (and last) slot of his animal systematics. It was divided into the following orders, all except the Lithophyta containing (in modern terms) organisms from a varfiety of phyla:
- Intestina, including horsehair worms, earthworms, roundworms, liver flukes, leeches, hagfishes, and shipworms
- Mollusca, including slugs, sea slugs, polychaetes, sea mice, priapulids, salps, jellyfish, starfish, and sea urchins
- Testacea, including chitons, barnacles, clams, cockles, nautiluses, snails and serpulid worms
- Lithophyta, including various corals
- Zoophyta, including bryozoans, coralline algae, Hydra, sea pens, tapeworms, and Volvox
Apart from the Mollusca, understood very differently from the modern phylum of that name, Linnaeus included a very diverse and rather mismatched assemblage of animals in the categories. The Intestina group encompassed various parasitic animals, among them the hagfish, which Linnaeus would have found in dead fish. Shelled molluscs were placed in the Testacea, together with barnacles and tube worms. Cnidarians (jellyfish and corals), Echinoderms and polychaetes were spread across the other orders.
Lamarck
Linnaeus's system was revised by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck in his 1801 Système des Animaux sans Vertebres. In this work, he categorized echinoderms, arachnids, crustaceans and annelids, which he separated from Vermes.
Modern
After Linnaeus, and especially with the advent of Darwinism, it became apparent that the Vermes animals are not closely related. Systematic works on phyla since Linnaeus continued to split up Vermes and sort the animals into natural systematic units.
Of the classes of Vermes proposed by Linnaeus, only Mollusca has been kept as a phylum, and its composition has changed almost entirely. Linnaeus's early classification of the soft-bodied organisms was revolutionary in its day. A number of the organisms classified as Vermes by Linnaeus were very poorly known, and a number of them were not even viewed as animals.
