Islam and democracy
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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Islamic democracy is a political ideology that seeks to apply Islamic principles to public policy within a democratic framework. Islamic political theory specifies three basic features of an Islamic democracy: leaders must be elected by the people, subject to sharia and committed to practicing "shura", a special form of consultation practiced by Prophet Muhammad, which one can find in various hadiths, with their community. Countries which fulfill the three basic features include Afghanistan, Iran, and Malaysia. Saudi Arabia, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates are examples of countries that do not adhere to the principles of Islamic democracy despite being Islamic countries, as these countries do not hold elections. The expression of Islamic democracy is different in the Muslim majority countries, as sharia interpretations vary from country to country, and the use of sharia is more comprehensive in countries in which sharia forms the basis for state laws.
The concepts of liberalism and democratic participation were already present in the medieval Islamic world. The Rashidun Caliphate is perceived by its proponents as an early example of a democratic state and it is claimed that the development of democracy in the Islamic world eventually came to a halt following to the Sunni–Shia split.
See also
- Institute on Religion and Democracy
- Dialogue Among Civilizations
- The Clash of Civilizations
- Freedom deficit
- Islamic ethics
- Islamic revival
- Islamism
