Jim Crow laws
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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The Jim Crow laws (named after "Jump Jim Crow", a song-and-dance caricature of African Americans) were state and local laws enacted in the Southern and border states of the United States and enforced between 1876 and 1965. They mandated "separate but equal" status for black Americans. In reality, this led to treatment and accommodations that were almost always inferior to those provided for white Americans. The Jim Crow period or the Jim Crow era refers to the time during which this practice occurred. The most important laws required that public schools, public places and public transportation have separate buildings, toilets, and restaurants for whites and blacks. (These Jim Crow Laws were separate from the 1800-66 Black Codes, which had restricted the civil rights and civil liberties of African Americans.) State-sponsored school segregation was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of the United States in 1954 in Brown v. Board of Education. Generally, the remaining Jim Crow laws were overruled by the Voting Rights Act.
See also
- Anti-miscegenation laws
- Apartheid
- Black Codes in the United States
- Burmese nationality law
- Disenfranchisement after the Reconstruction era
- Dunning School
- Group Areas Act
- List of Jim Crow law examples by state
- Lynching
- Mass racial violence in the United States
- Penal labour
- Racial segregation in the United States
- Racism
- Racism in the United States
- Second-class citizen
- Sundown town
- Timeline of the African-American Civil Rights Movement
- The New Jim Crow
