Judea
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Judea or Judæa is the ancient biblical, Roman, and modern name of the mountainous southern part of Palestine. The name originates from the Hebrew, Canaanite and later neo-Babylonian and Persian name "Yehudah" or "Yehud" for the biblical Israelite tribe of Judah (Yehudah) and associated Kingdom of Judah, which the 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia dates from 934 until 586 BCE. The name of the region continued to be incorporated through the Babylonian conquest, Persian, Hellenistic, and Roman periods as Yehud, Yehud Medinata, Hasmonean Judea, and consequently Herodian Judea and Roman Judea, respectively.
As a consequence of the Bar Kokhba revolt, in 135 CE the region was renamed and merged with Roman Syria to form Syria Palaestina by the victorious Roman Emperor Hadrian. A large part of Judea was included in Jordanian West Bank between 1948 and 1967 (i.e., the "West Bank" of the Kingdom of Jordan). The term Judea as a geographical term was revived by the Israeli government in the 20th century as part of the Israeli administrative district name Judea and Samaria Area for the territory generally referred to as the West Bank.
Timeline
- 11th century BCE–930 BCE — part of the Kingdom of Israel
- 930 BCE–586 BCE — Kingdom of Judah
- 586 BCE–539 BCE — Babylonian Empire
- 539 BCE–332 BCE — Persian Empire
- 332 BCE–305 BCE — Macedonian Empire of Alexander the Great
- 305 BCE–198 BCE — Ptolemaics
- 198 BCE–141 BCE — Seleucids
- 141 BCE–37 BCE — The Hasmonean state in Israel established by the Maccabees, after 63 BCE under Roman supremacy
- 63 BCE – Pompey's conquest of Jerusalem
- 37 BCE–132 CE — Herodian Dynasty ruling Judea as client kings under Roman supremacy (37 BCE–6 CE, 41–44 CE, 48–100 CE, Herod the Great, Agrippa I, Agrippa II respectively), interchanging with direct Roman rule (6–41, 44–132)
- c. 25 BCE - Caesarea Maritima is built by Herod the Great
- 6 CE – Census of Quirinius, too late to correspond to census related to Jesus' birth
- 26–36 – Pontius Pilate prefect of Roman Judea during the Crucifixion of Jesus
- 66–73 – First Jewish–Roman War, includes Destruction of the Second Temple in 70
- 115–117 — Kitos War
- 132–135 — Bar Kokhba's revolt
- 135 — Emperor Hadrian reverts to the name Syria Palaestina first used by Herodotus
See also
