Kirti N. Chaudhuri
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| - | "A second group of arguments—evident in somewhat different ways in the work of [[Fernand Braudel]], [[Immanuel Wallerstein]], and [[K. N. Chaudhuri]], and in a very different way in that of Douglass North—pays less attention to ''levels'' of wealth." | ||
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| - | The '''Great Divergence''' is a term made popular by [[Kenneth Pomeranz]]'s book by that title, (also known as the '''European miracle''', a term coined by [[Eric Jones (economic historian)|Eric Jones]] in 1981) referring to the process by which the [[Western world]] (i.e. [[Western Europe]] and the parts of the [[New World]] where its people became the dominant populations) overcame pre-modern growth constraints and emerged during the 19th century as the most powerful and wealthy world [[civilization]], eclipsing [[Medieval India]], [[Qing China]], the [[Islamic World]], [[Joseon Korea]], and [[Tokugawa shogunate|Tokugawa Japan]]. | + | '''Kirti Narayan Chaudhuri''' (born 8 September 1934) is a historian, author, writer, graphic artist and latterly, a film-maker. He is the second son of the Indian writer [[Nirad C. Chaudhuri]]. |
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| - | Scholars have proposed a wide variety of theories to explain why the Great Divergence happened, including geography, culture, institutions, [[colonialism]], resources, and "accidents of history". Scholars also trace back the beginning of the Great Divergence to different periods, with many tracing it back to the [[Industrial Revolution]] in 18th-century Britain, while others trace it back to earlier periods of Western history, such as the [[commercial revolution]] and the origins of [[mercantilism]] and [[capitalism]] during the [[Renaissance]] and the [[Age of Discovery]], the rise of the European [[colonial empires]], [[proto-globalization]], the [[Scientific Revolution]], or the [[Age of Enlightenment]]. The "traditional view", sometimes described as a near-[[Scientific consensus|consensus]] view, is that the Great Divergence occurred before the Industrial Revolution, with Western European states surpassing China, Japan and the Middle East by 1750. However, the "revisionist" view of the "California School" estimates that the divergence started around 1800 during the Industrial Revolution. In the twentieth century, the Great Divergence peaked before the First World War and continued until the early 1970s, then, after two decades of indeterminate fluctuations, in the late 1980s it was replaced by the Great Convergence as the majority of Third World countries reached economic growth rates significantly higher than those in most First World countries. | + | |
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| - | Technological advances, in areas such as [[railroads]], [[steamboats]], [[mining]], and [[agriculture]], were embraced to a higher degree in the West than the East during the Great Divergence. Technology led to increased industrialization and economic complexity in the areas of agriculture, trade, fuel and resources, further separating the East and the West. Western Europe's use of [[coal]] as an energy substitute for wood in the mid-19th century gave it a major head start in modern energy production. | + | |
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| - | ==See also== | + | |
| - | * [[Colonial empire]] | + | |
| - | * [[Western empires]] | + | |
| - | * [[Modern history]] | + | |
| - | * [[History of Western civilization]] | + | |
| - | * [[Textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution]] | + | |
| - | * [[Economic history of China (pre-1911)]] | + | |
| - | * [[Joseph Needham]] | + | |
| - | * [[Eurocentrism]] | + | |
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| - | ===Books=== | + | |
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| - | * ''[[A Farewell to Alms]]'' | + | |
| - | * ''[[Roy Bin Wong#Before and Beyond Divergence|Before and Beyond Divergence]] | + | |
| - | * ''[[The Clash of Civilizations]]'' | + | |
| - | * ''[[Niall Ferguson#Civilization|Civilization: The West and the Rest]]'' | + | |
| - | * ''[[The Civilizing Process]]'' | + | |
| - | * ''[[The European Miracle]]'' | + | |
| - | * ''[[Leonid Grinin#Great Divergence and Great Convergence|Great Divergence and Great Convergence]]'' | + | |
| - | * ''[[Kenneth Pomeranz#The Great divergence: China, Europe, and the making of the modern world economy|The Great divergence: China, Europe, and the making of the modern world economy]] | + | |
| - | * ''[[Guns, Germs, and Steel]]'' | + | |
| - | * ''[[The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers]]'' | + | |
| - | * ''[[The Rise of the West: A History of the Human Community]]'' | + | |
| - | * ''[[The Wealth and Poverty of Nations]]'' | + | |
| - | * ''[[Why the West Rules—For Now]]'' | + | |
| - | * ''[[The Eastern Origins of Western Civilisation]]'' | + | |
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Kirti Narayan Chaudhuri (born 8 September 1934) is a historian, author, writer, graphic artist and latterly, a film-maker. He is the second son of the Indian writer Nirad C. Chaudhuri.
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Kirti N. Chaudhuri" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
