Katyn massacre
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
1940 – Joseph Stalin, signs an order for the execution of 25,700 Polish intelligentsia, including 14,700 Polish POWs, known also as the Katyn massacre. |
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The Katyn massacre, also known as the Katyn Forest massacre was a mass execution of Polish nationals carried out by the People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (NKVD), the Soviet secret police, in April and May 1940. The massacre was prompted by NKVD chief Lavrentiy Beria's proposal to execute all captive members of the Polish Officer Corps, dated 5 March 1940. This official document was approved and signed by the Soviet Politburo, including its leader, Joseph Stalin. The number of victims is estimated at about 22,000, with 21,768 being a lower limit. The victims were murdered in the Katyn Forest in Russia, the Kalinin and Kharkiv prisons and elsewhere. Of the total killed, about 8,000 were officers taken prisoner during the 1939 Soviet invasion of Poland, another 6,000 were police officers, and the rest were arrested Polish intelligentsia the Soviets deemed to be "intelligence agents, gendarmes, landowners, saboteurs, factory owners, lawyers, officials and priests".
See also
- Augustów roundup, 1945, sometimes known as the "Little Katyn massacre"
- Intelligenzaktion
- Katyń (film)
- Malmedy massacre
- Massacres in Piaśnica
- NKVD prisoner massacres
- Polish Operation of the NKVD (1937–38)
- Soviet repressions of Polish citizens (1939–46)
- Vinnytsia massacre
- War crimes in occupied Poland during World War II
- Anti-Katyń
- Ponary massacre