Kulturkampf
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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The German term (literally, "culture struggle") refers to German policies in relation to secularity and the influence of the Roman Catholic Church, enacted from 1871 to 1878 by the Chancellor of the German Empire, Otto von Bismarck.
Until the mid-19th century, the Catholic Church was still a political power. The Pope's Papal States were supported by France but ceased to exist as an indirect result of the Franco-Prussian War. The Catholic Church still had a strong influence on many parts of life, though, even in Bismarck's Protestant Prussia. In the newly founded German Empire, Bismarck sought to bolster the power of the secular state and reduce the political and social influence of the Roman Catholic Church by instituting political control over Church activities.
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See also
German Empire
Austria
Catholicism
- Anti-Catholicism
- Culture war
- Liberalism in Germany
- Papal Infallibility
- Religion in Germany
- Separation of church and state
- Holy See – Germany relations
- Ultramontanism
Poland
- History of Poland (1795–1918)
- Anti-Polonism
- Deutscher Ostmarkenverein
- Drzymała's wagon
- Germanization
- Rota
- Settlement Commission
USA
