Lecheor
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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'Lecheor' is a short, bawdy Breton lai that tells the story a group of noble women who decide to write a lai about female genitalia.
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Composition and manuscripts
The actual date of composition is estimated between the end of the twelfth to the beginning of the thirteenth centuries; and linguistic elements in the text indicate that the author may have come from Northern France or perhaps England.
The lai of Lecheor is contained in two existing manuscripts:
- MS Bibliothèque Nationale, nouv. acq. fr. 1104 (in Old French)
- MS Uppsala, De la Gardie 4-7 (translation of the Old French into Old Norse)
The Old French manuscript dates from the end of the 13th or beginning of the 14th century.
Plot summary
Lecheor tells the story of a group of women who are gathered together for the festival of Saint Pantaleon. It is at this festival that the men and women talk about all the courtly adventures from the past year and compose lais in remembrance of them. At this particular gathering, a group of women begin to discuss the reasons why the knights go off in search of adventure. and one woman offers a simple solution: the knight is interested in the woman's vagina (Old French: con). The other ladies agree, and they compose a lai, which is well-received in the land.
Analysis and Significance
Title
The Old French word "lecheor" survives in the modern English "lecher," though its original meaning encompassed "glutton," "debauched person," "the lover of a married woman," "trickster," and perhaps "minstrel." (Burgess 59.)
Like Marie de France's Chaitivel or Eliduc, the Lai of Lecheor has a primary title given by the author and a secondary title that appears in the text. While we would expect the title of the lai to be the "lai of the cunt," the author states that "this is the lay of the Lecher. I do not wish to utter the true name in case I am reproached for it" ("c'est le lai du Lecheor; Ne voil pas dire le droit non, C'on nu me tor a mesprison"). In Old French, however, the author hides the true name of the lai with a play on words between on "con" and C'on.
The text suggests another play on words between "con" ("cunt") and "conte" ("story" or "tale"), a pun commonly used in medieval fabliaux.
Structure
The poem can be broken down into the following sections:
- Description of the festival and lai-writing in general (vv. 1-36)
- Description of this year's festival (vv. 37-52)
- Proposal of the new lai (vv. 53-100)
- Reaction to the lai (vv. 101-120)
- Epilogue (vv. 121-122)
Allusions
The festival of Saint Pantelion was held on July 27. The fact that this bawdy lai is written on a Holy Day can be considered irony. Some scholars consider "Pantelion" as a corruption of "Pol-de-Léon," saint from Brittany, which is the setting for this lay.
The Lai of Lecheor is not the only lai to feature women writing. Chaitivel and Chevrefoil by Marie de France also include instances of women composing lais.
Mise-en-abime
The fact that the lai of Lecheor is about the composition of the lai of Lecheor creates a mise-en-abime. The reader can assume that the original lai of lecheor, if it even existed, would have explained more about the woman's reasoning than about the writing of the lai itself and its placement within a historical and social context.
See also
- Breton lai
- Anglo-Norman literature
- Medieval literature
- Medieval French literature
- Venus in France
- Venus in the Middle Ages
