Leopold Jessner
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- | '''Erdgeist''' is the [[Spirit]] of the [[Earth]] whom [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] describes in ''[[Faust, Part 1]]'', widely considered to be one of the greatest works in the history of [[German literature]]. Goethe depicts Erdgeist as a timeless being who endlessly [[Weaving|weaves]] at the Time-Loom—both in life and in death. In this conception, Erdgeist is the means by which the immaterial becomes manifest. | + | '''Leopold Jessner''' (3 March 1878 – 13 December 1945) was a noted producer and director of [[Germany|German]] [[Expressionist]] [[theater]] and [[Film|cinema]]. His first film, ''[[Hintertreppe (film)|Hintertreppe]]'' (1921), is considered a major turning point which paved the way for the later German Expressionist experiments of German filmmakers [[F.W. Murnau]], [[Fritz Lang]], and [[G.W. Pabst]]. |
- | In the [[German language]], ''erdgeist'' literally means ''Earth spirit''. In the context of [[German folklore]], ''erdgeist'' specifically refers to a [[gnome]], the quintessential earth [[elemental]] invented by [[Paracelsus]]. | + | A native of [[Königsberg]], Jessner was a touring actor in his youth and turned to directing in 1911. He was director of the [[Schiller Theater|Berlin State Theater]] from 1919–1925 and was known for bare stages in which flights of steps served as different spaces for scenes and directing actors to act in an oversimplified, unnatural manner. |
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+ | ''[[Hintertreppe (film)|Hintertreppe]]'' ([[German language|German]] for ''Backstairs''), Jessner's first film (co-directed with [[Paul Leni]]), exemplified Jessner's use of heavily stylized staircases. These staircases would become regular fixtures in later German films, nicknamed "Jessnertreppe" in Jessner's honor, and would be used to full effect in the 1926 [[German Expressionism|German Expressionist]] film ''[[Faust (1926 film)|Faust]]'', directed by [[F.W. Murnau]]. Jessner's direction is often considered heavy-handed and clumsy in regard to this picture, and critics accuse Jessner of forcing inappropriate theatrical conventions into the cinema. | ||
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+ | As a [[Jewish|Jew]] and a [[Socialist]], he was forced to emigrate to the [[United States]] in 1933, after [[Adolf Hitler]] came to power in Germany. He worked in [[film]] anonymously in [[Los Angeles]] until his death. | ||
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+ | == Filmography == | ||
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+ | *''[[Hintertreppe]]'' (1921, Directed with [[Paul Leni]]) | ||
+ | *''[[Earth Spirit (film)|Earth Spirit]]'' (1923) | ||
+ | *''[[Mary Stuart (film)|Mary Stuart]]'' (1927, Directed with [[Friedrich Feher]]) | ||
+ | *''[[Children of the Fog (film)|Children of the Fog]]'' (1935, Directed with [[John Quin (screenwriter)|John Quin]]) | ||
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+ | == See also == | ||
+ | * [[The Continental Players]] | ||
- | ''[[Earth Spirit (play)|Erdgeist]]'' is also a 1895 play by [[Frank Wedekind]], which formed the basis of a 1923 [[Erdgeist (film)|film]] directed by [[Leopold Jessner]]. | ||
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Leopold Jessner (3 March 1878 – 13 December 1945) was a noted producer and director of German Expressionist theater and cinema. His first film, Hintertreppe (1921), is considered a major turning point which paved the way for the later German Expressionist experiments of German filmmakers F.W. Murnau, Fritz Lang, and G.W. Pabst.
A native of Königsberg, Jessner was a touring actor in his youth and turned to directing in 1911. He was director of the Berlin State Theater from 1919–1925 and was known for bare stages in which flights of steps served as different spaces for scenes and directing actors to act in an oversimplified, unnatural manner.
Hintertreppe (German for Backstairs), Jessner's first film (co-directed with Paul Leni), exemplified Jessner's use of heavily stylized staircases. These staircases would become regular fixtures in later German films, nicknamed "Jessnertreppe" in Jessner's honor, and would be used to full effect in the 1926 German Expressionist film Faust, directed by F.W. Murnau. Jessner's direction is often considered heavy-handed and clumsy in regard to this picture, and critics accuse Jessner of forcing inappropriate theatrical conventions into the cinema.
As a Jew and a Socialist, he was forced to emigrate to the United States in 1933, after Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany. He worked in film anonymously in Los Angeles until his death.
Filmography
- Hintertreppe (1921, Directed with Paul Leni)
- Earth Spirit (1923)
- Mary Stuart (1927, Directed with Friedrich Feher)
- Children of the Fog (1935, Directed with John Quin)
See also