List of adjectival and demonymic forms of place names
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The following is a partial list of adjectival forms of place names in English and their demonymic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these places.
Note: Demonyms are given in plural forms. Singular forms simply remove the final 's' or, in the case of -ese endings, are the same as the plural forms. The ending -men has feminine equivalent -women (e.g. an Irishman and a Scotswoman). The French terminations -ois / ais serve as both the singular and plural masculine; adding 'e' (Template:Lang / Template:Lang) makes them singular feminine; 'es' (Template:Lang / Template:Lang) makes them plural feminine. The Spanish termination "-o" usually denotes the masculine and is normally changed to feminine by replacing the "-o" with "-a". The plural forms are usually "-os" and "-as" respectively.
Adjectives ending -ish can be used as collective demonyms (e.g. the English, the Cornish). So can those ending in -ch / -tch (e.g. the French, the Dutch) provided they are pronounced with a 'ch' sound (e.g., the adjective Czech does not qualify).
Where an adjective is a link, the link is to the language or dialect of the same name. (Reference: Ethnologue, Languages of the World)
Many place-name adjectives and many demonyms refer also to various other things, sometimes with and sometimes without one or more additional words. (Sometimes, the use of one or more additional words is optional.) Notable examples are cheeses, cat breeds, dog breeds, and horse breeds. (See List of words derived from toponyms.)
Planets
Continents
Entries in italics are continental regions.
Name | Adjective | Demonym |
---|---|---|
Afro-Eurasia | Afro-Eurasian | Afro-Eurasians |
Africa | African | Africans |
Eurasia | Eurasian | Eurasians |
Asia | Asian | Asians |
Middle East | Middle Eastern | Middle Easterners |
Europe | European | Europeans |
Americas | Americana | Americansa |
North America | North American | North Americans |
Caribbean | Caribbean | |
West Indies | West Indian | West Indians |
Central America | Central American | Central Americans |
Northern America | Northern American | Northern Americans |
South America | South American | South Americans |
Antarctica | Antarctic | Antarcticans |
Oceania | Oceanian | Oceanians |
Australasia | Australasian | Australasians |
Australiab | Australianb | Australiansb |
Zealandia | Zealandian | Zealandians |
Pacific Islands | Pacific Islands | Pacific Islanders |
aUsually used to identify specifically the United States of America or its people. |
Subcontinental regions
Countries and nations
States, provinces, regions and territories
Australian states and territories
State/territory | Adjective | Demonym | |
---|---|---|---|
Template:Smaller | |||
Australian Capital Territory | Canberran | Canberrans | Template:Smaller |
New South Wales | New South Welsh | New South Welshmen | Template:Smaller |
Northern Territory | Northern Territory | Northern Territorians, Territorians | Template:Smaller |
Queensland | Queensland | Queenslanders | Template:Smaller |
South Australia | South Australian | South Australians | Template:Smaller |
Tasmania | Tasmanian | Tasmanians | Template:Smaller |
Victoria | Victorian | Victorians | Template:Smaller |
Western Australia | Western Australian | Western Australians | Template:Smaller |
Brazilian states
State | Adjective/Demonym |
---|---|
Acre (AC) | Acrean |
Alagoas (AL) | Alagoan |
Amapá (AP) | Amapaense |
Amazonas (AM) | Amazonense |
Bahia (BA) | Bahian |
Ceará (CE) | Cearense |
Espírito Santo (ES) | Capixaba or Espiritossantense |
Federal District (DF) | Brasiliense |
Goiás (GO) | Goian |
Maranhão (MA) | Maranhense |
Mato Grosso (MG) | Matogrossense |
Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) | Sul-matogrossense |
Minas Gerais (MG) | Mineiran |
Pará (PA) | Paraense |
Paraíba (PB) | Paraiban |
Paraná (PR) | Paranaense |
Pernambuco (PE) | Pernambucan |
Piauí (PI) | Piauiense |
Rio de Janeiro (RJ) | Fluminense |
Rio Grande do Norte (RN) | Potiguar or Norte-riograndense |
Rio Grande do Sul (RS) | Gaúcho or Sul-riograndense |
Rondônia (RO) | Rondonian or Rondoniense |
Roraima (RR) | Roraimense |
Santa Catarina (SC) | Catarinense |
São Paulo (SP) | Paulista |
Sergipe (SE) | Sergipan |
Tocantins (TO) | Tocantinense |
Canadian provinces and territories
Province Or Territory | Adjective | Demonym | |
---|---|---|---|
Template:Smaller | |||
Alberta (Province) | Albertan | Albertans | |
British Columbia (Province) | British ColumbianTemplate:SpacesTemplate:Smaller | British Columbians | Template:Smaller |
Manitoba (Province) | Manitoban | Manitobans French: Manitobains | "Tobans" |
New Brunswick (Province) | New Brunswick | New Brunswickers French: Néo-Brunswickois | |
Newfoundland and Labrador (Province) | Newfoundland and Labrador | Newfoundlanders, Labradorians | Template:Smaller |
Northwest Territories (Territory) | Northwest Territorian Template:SpacesTemplate:Smaller | Northwest Territorians | Template:Smaller |
Nunavut (Territory) | Nunavut | Nunavummiut (sing. Nunavummiuq) | |
Nova Scotia (Province) | Nova Scotian | Nova Scotians French: Néo-Écossais | Template:Smaller |
Ontario (Province) | Ontario | Ontarians French: Ontarien | |
Prince Edward Island (Province) | Prince Edward Island, P.E.I., Island | Prince Edward Islanders French: Prince-Édouardien | |
Quebec (Province) | Quebec French: Québécois Template:Smaller, Québécoise Template:Smaller | Quebeckers, Quebecers French: Québécois | French: "Habitants" |
Saskatchewan (Province) | Saskatchewan | Saskatchewanians | Template:Smaller |
Yukon (Territory) | Yukon | Yukoners | Template:Smaller |
Federated states and other territories of Germany
State/territory | Adjective | Demonym | |
---|---|---|---|
Template:Smaller | |||
Baden-Württemberg (federated state) | |||
Bavaria (federated state) | |||
Berlin (federated state) | Berliners | ||
Brandenburg (federated state) | Brandenburgish | Brandenburgers | |
Franconia | Franconian | Franconians | |
Free Hanseatic City of Bremen | Bremeen | Bremen / Brewomen | |
Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg | Hamburgish | Hamburgians | |
Hannover (ancient German state) | Hanoverian | Hanoverians | |
Hesse (federated state) | Hessian | Hessians | |
Lower Saxony (federated state) | Lower Saxon | Lower Saxons | |
Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (federated state) | |||
North Rhine-Westphalia (federated state) | North Rhine - Westphalian | North Rhine - Westphalians | |
Pomerania (ancient German territory) | Pomeranian | Pomeranians | |
Prussia (ancient German state) | Prussian | Prussians | |
Rhineland (area) | Rhenish | Rhinelanders | |
Rhineland-Palatinate (federated state) | |||
Saarland (federated state) | Saarlanders | ||
Saxony (federated state) | Saxon | Saxons | |
Saxony-Anhalt (federated state) | |||
Silesia (ancient German territory) | Silesian | Silesians | |
Schleswig-Holstein (federated state) | |||
Swabia (South German area and ancient territory) | Swabian | Swabians | |
Thuringia (federated state) | Thuringian | Thuringians |
Indian states and territories
Bangladeshi divisions
Division | Adjective | Demonym | |
---|---|---|---|
Template:Smaller | |||
Barisal Division | Barisali | Barisali (Borishali) | Barisailla (Borishailla) |
Chittagong Division | Chittagonian | Chãtgaiya (Satgaiya) | Chittagainga (Sitainga) |
Dhaka Division | Dhakai | Dhakaiya | Dhakaiya |
Khulna Division | Khulnaiya | Khulnaiya | Khulnaiya |
Mymensingh Division | Mymensinghiya | Mymensinghi | Mymensinghiya |
Rajshahi Division | Rajshahiya | Rajshahiya (Rajshahiyo) | Rajshahiya |
Rangpur Division | Rangpuri | Rangpuri (Rongpuri) | Rangpuri |
Sylhet Division | Sylheti | Sylheti (Sileti) | Siloti |
Malaysian states and territories
State / Territory | Adjective | Demonym | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Template:Smaller | ||||
Johor | Johorean | Johoreans | Southerners | |
Kedah | Kedahan | Kedahans | ||
Kelantan | Kelantanese | Kelantanese | East Coasters | |
Kuala Lumpur | Kuala Lumpurian | Kuala Lumpurians | Federal Territorians, KL-ites | |
Labuan | Labuanese | Labuanese | Federal Territorians | |
Malacca | Malaccan | Malaccans | ||
Negeri Sembilan | Negeri Sembilanese | Negeri Sembilanese | Negrians | |
Pahang | Pahangite | Pahangites | ||
Penang | Penangite | Penangites | Penang Islanders | |
Perak | Perakian | Perakians | ||
Perlis | Perlisian | Perlisians | ||
Putrajaya | Putrajayan | Putrajayans | Federal Territorians | |
Sabah | Sabahan | Sabahans | Borneoans | |
Sarawak | Sarawakian | Sarawakians | Borneoans | |
Selangor | Selangorean | Selangoreans | ||
Terengganu | Terengganuan | Terengganuans | East Coasters | |
Peninsular (West) Malaysia | Peninsular, West Malaysian | Peninsularians, West Malaysians | Malayans | |
East Malaysia | East Malaysian | East Malaysians | Borneoans |
States of Mexico
Federal entity Adjective Demonym Template:Smaller Aguascalientes Hydrocalid Hidrocálido/-a, aguascalentense Baja California Lower Californian Bajacaliforniano/-a Baja California Sur South Lower Californian Sudcaliforniano/-a Campeche Campechan Campechano/-a Chiapas Chiapan Chiapaneco/-a Chihuahua Chihuahuan Chihuahuense "Norteño/a" Coahuila de Zaragoza Coahuilan Coahuilense Colima Colimean Colimense Durango Durangolese Duranguense Guanajuato Guanajuatean Guanajuatense Guerrero Guerreran Guerrerense Hidalgo Hidalgolese Hidalguense Jalisco Jaliscan Jalisciense Template:Smaller State of Mexico Mexican Mexiquense Ciudad de México (México D.F.) (México Distrito Federal) (Mexico City) Defeño/-a Template:Smaller Michoacán Michoacanese Michoacano/-a Morelos Morelese Morelense Nayarit Nayarita Nayarita Nuevo León New Leonese Neoleonés/Neoleonense "Regio/a" Oaxaca Oaxacan Oaxaqueño/-a Template:Smaller Puebla Pueblan/Poblano Poblano/-a Querétaro Queretan Queretano/-a Quintana Roo Quintanaroan Quintanarroense San Luis Potosí Potosinian Potosino/-a Sinaloa Sinaloan Sinaloense Sonora Sonoran Sonorense Tabasco Tabascan Tabasqueño/-a Tamaulipas Tamaulipan Tamaulipeco/-a Tlaxcala Tlaxcaltheque Tlaxcalteco/ -a Veracruz Veracruzan Veracruzano/-a "Jarocho/a" Yucatán Yucatheque Yucateco/-a "Costeño/a" "
Zacatecas Zacatecan Zacatecano/-a - Capitalino is often used to refer to people from Mexico City; however, capitalino can be used to refer to people from any state capital. "Defeño" and "Chilango" are listed by the Royal Spanish Academy
[edit]New Zealand regions
Region/Island Adjective Demonym Template:Smaller Auckland Region Auckland Aucklanders Template:Smaller Bay of Plenty Region Bay of Plenty Bay of Plentiers Template:Smaller Canterbury Region Canterbury Cantabrians Template:Smaller Gisborne Region Gisborne, East Coast Gisbornians, East Coasters Hawke's Bay Region Hawke's Bay Hawke's Bayers Manawatū-Whanganui Region Manawatū-Whanganui, Manawatu, Wanganui Manawatū-Whanganuians, Manawatuans, Whanganuians Marlborough Region Marlborough Marlburians Nelson Region Nelsonian Nelsonians Northland Region Northland Northlanders Otago Region Otago Otagoites Southland Region Southland Southlanders Taranaki Region Taranaki Taranakians Template:Smaller Tasman Region Tasman Tasmanites Waikato Region Waikato Waikatoans Template:Smaller Wellington Region Wellington, Wellingtonian Wellingtonians West Coast Region West Coast West Coasters Template:Smaller North Island North Island North Islanders South Island South Island / Mainland South Islanders Template:Smaller Stewart Island Stewart Island, Rakiuran Stewart Islanders Chatham Islands Chatham Chatham Islanders [edit]Philippine provinces
[edit]U.S. states
[edit]Regions in Greco-Roman antiquity
Regions tracing their origins (or otherwise referenced) in Greco-Roman antiquity [in cases where ancient regions are extant, this table is limited to cases where the present-day regional names retain their original/ancient form].
(References: Herodotus' "Histories"; Thucydides' "Peloponnesian War"; Pausanias' "Description of Greece"; Lemprière's Bibliotheca Classica; Leverett's 1838 edition of the "Lexicon of the Latin Language"; Freeman's "The History of Sicily..."; et al.)
Name Adjective Demonym Template:Smaller Acarnania Acarnanian Acarnanians Achaea Achaean Achaeans Aegina Aeginetan Aeginetans Aethaea Aethaean Aethaeans Aetolia Aetolian Aetolians Andalusia Andalusian Andalusians Apulia Apulian Apulians Aquitania Aquitanian Aquitanians Arcadia Arcadian Arcadians Argos Argive Argives Arretium Arretine Arretines Athens Athenian Athenians Bactria, Bactriana Bactrian Bactrians Bavaria Bavarian Bavarians Boeotia Boeotian, Beotian Boeotians, Beotians Boiohaemum Boius Boii Bosporus, Bosphorus Bosporan, Bosphoran Bosporans, Bosphorans Bruttium (Bruttus ?), Bruttian Brutti, Bruttians Byzantium Byzantine Byzantines Calabria Calabrian Calabrians Campania Campanian Campanians Cantabria Cantabrian Cantabrians Caria Carian Carians Carthage Carthaginian Carthaginians Carystus Carystian Carystians Catalonia Catalan, Catalonian Catalans, Catalonians Cephalonia Cephalonian Cephalonians Chalcis Chalcidian Chalcidians Chios Chiot Chiots Colchis Colchian Colchians Colossae Colossian Colossians Consentia Consentian Consentians Corcyra Corcyrean Corcyreans Corsica Corsican Corsicans Crete Cretan Cretans Croton Crotonian Crotonians Cyclades Cycladian Cycladians Cyprus Cypriot, Cypriote Cypriots, Cypriotes Cyrenaica Cyrenaic Cyrenaics Cyrene Cyrenian Cyrenians Dacia Dacian Dacians Dalmatia Dalmatian Dalmatians Delos Delian Delians Dodecanese Dodecanesian Dodecanesians Edonia Edonian Edonians Egesta Egestan Egestans Eleusina or Eleusis Eleusian, Eleusinian Eleusians, Eleusinians Elis or Eleia Elian Elians Ephesus Ephesian Ephesians Epidamnus or Epidamnos Epidamnian Epidamnians Epidaurus Epidaurian Epidaurians Epirus Epirote Epirotes Eretria Eretrian Eretrians Etruria Etrurian, Etruscan Etruscans Euboea Euboean Euboeans Galatia Galatian Galatians Gallaecia Gallaecus Gallaeci Gallia or Gaul Gaulish Gauls Germania Germanic, Germanus Germanic, Germani Iberia Iberian Iberians Illyria Illyrian Illyrians Ionia Ionian Ionians Kalymnos Kalymnian Kalymnians Kaulonia Kaulonian Kaulonians Knossos Knossian Knossians Lakedaimon/ia or Lakedaemon/ia Lakedaimonian or Lakedaemonian Lakedaimonians or Lakedaemonians Larissa Larissan Larissans Latium Latin Latins Leontini, Leontium Leontinian Leontinians Lesbos Lesbian Lesbians Locris Locrian Locrians Lucania Lucanian Lucanians Lydia Lydian Lydians Macedonia Macedonian Macedonians Maeonia Maeonian Maeonians Mantineia Mantinean Mantineans Marathon Marathonian Marathonians Media Median Medes, Medians Megara Megarian Megarians Melite Melitian Melitians Melos Melian Melians Mesopotamia Mesopotamian Mesopotamians Messenia Messenian Messenians Miletus Milesian Milesians Mithymna or Methymna Methymnian Methymnians Moravia Moravian Moravians Mycenae Mycenaean Mycenaeans Mytilene Mytilenean Mytileneans Naupactus or Nafpaktos Naupactian Naupactians Naxos Naxian Naxians Nisyros Nisyrian Nisyrians Oea Oean Oeans Olympia Olympian Olympians Oiniades, Oiniadai Oiniadan Oiniadans Orkney Islands Orcadian Orcadians Paeonia or Paionia Paeonian Paeonians Pamphylia Pamphylian Pamphylians Paros Parian Parians Patmos Patmian Patmians Peloponnese Peloponnesian Peloponnesians Pergamum Pergamian Pergamians Persia Persian Persians Philippi Philippian Philippians Phlius Phliasian Phliasians Phocis Phocian Phocians Phoenicia Phoenician Phoenicians Phrygia Phrygian Phrygians Pisidia Pisidian Pisidians Pontus Pontian Pontians Pylos Pylosian Pylosians Rhegion Rhegian, Rhegine Rhegians, Rhegines Rhodes Rhodian Rhodians Rhithymna, Rhithymnia, Rithymna Rhithymnian Rhithymnians Rome Roman Romans Sabinum Sabine Sabines Salamis Salaminian Salaminians Samnium Samnite Samnites Samos Samian Samians Sardinia Sardinian, Sardi Sardinians, Sardi Sardis Sardianus, Sardian Sardiani, Sardians Sarmatia Sarmatian, Sarmata, or Sauromata Sarmatians, Sarmatae, or Sauromatae Scythia Scytha, Scythian Scythae, Scythians Serrae, Serrhae Serrean Serreans Serica Sere Seres Sicily Sicilian Sicilians Sicyon Sicyonian Sicyonian Sidon, or Saïda Sidonian Sidonians Silesia Silesian Silesians Skopelos Skopelitan Skopelitans Sparta Spartan Spartans Suebia Suebius Suebi Symi Symian Symians Syracuse Syracusan Syracusans Taras, Tarentum Tarentine, Tarentumian Tarentines, Tarentumians Tegea Tegean Tegeans Tenedos Tenedian Tenedians Tenedos Tenedian Tenedians Thasos Thasian Thasians Thebes Theban Thebans Thespis Thespian Thespians Thessaly Thessalian Thessalians Thrace Thracian Thracians Thria Thriasian Thriasians Thuria Thuriat Thuriats Thurii Thurian Thurians Thynia Thynian Thynians Trichonos Trichonian Trichonians Troezen Troezenian Troezenians Troy Trojan Trojans Umbria Umbrian Umbrians Xanthi Xanthian Xanthians Zakynthos Zakynthian Zakynthians [edit]Other former nations and regions
Ancient civilizations, former colonies, renamed countries and regions, annexations, secessions, etc. (other than Greco-Roman, which see above).
[edit]Fictional regions
Name Adjective Demonym Atlantis Atlantean, Atlantine Atlanteans, Atlantans Aloria Alorn Alorns Andor Andorian Andorians Attilan Inhumans Blefuscu Blefuscudian Blefuscudians Black Marsh Argonian Argonians, Saxhleel Borduria Bordurian Bordurians Brobdingnag Brobdingnagian Brobdingnagians Laputa Laputian Laputans Lilliput Lilliputian Lilliputians Cardassia Prime Cardassian Cardassians Cyrodiil Cyrodilic Cyrodil, Cyrods, Imperials Bajor Bajoran Bajorans, Bajora Dorne Dornish Dornish Elsweyr Khajiiti Khajiit Ferenginar Ferengi Ferengi Gallifrey Gallifreyan Gallifreyans Genosha Genoshan Genoshans Hammerfell Redguard Redguards High Rock Breton Bretons Islandia Islandian Islandians Latveria Latverian Latverians Luggnagg Luggnaggians Morrowind Velothi, Dunmeri The Dunmer, Dark Elves Narnia Narnian Narnians Daedric Planes of Oblivion Daedric Daedroth (sing), Daedra (pl) Orsinium Orcish The Orsimer, Orcs Oz Ozian Ozite<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Poictesme Poictoumois Qo'noS Klingon Klingons Remus Reman Remans Rohan Rohirric Rohirrim Romulus Romulan Romulans Skaro Skaroene, Skarosian Skarosians Skyrim Nordic, Norse Nords Summerset Isles Altmeri The Altmer, High Elves Sontar Sontaran Sontarans Syldavia Syldavian Syldavians Utopia Utopian Utopians Wakanda Wakandan Wakandans Westeros Westerosi Westerosi Valenwood Bosmeri The Bosmer, Wood Elves Vulcan Vulcan, Vulcanian Vulcans [edit]Cities
[edit]See also
- Demonym
- List of adjectival and demonymic forms of place names
- List of adjectivals and demonyms for astronomical bodies
- List of adjectivals and demonyms for continental regions
- List of adjectival and demonymic forms for countries and nations
- List of adjectivals and demonyms for Australia
- List of adjectivals and demonyms for Canada
- List of adjectivals and demonyms for India
- List of adjectivals and demonyms for Malaysia
- List of adjectivals and demonyms for Mexico
- List of adjectivals and demonyms for New Zealand
- List of adjectivals and demonyms for the Philippines
- List of adjectivals and demonyms for the United States
- List of adjectivals and demonyms for cities
- List of adjectivals and demonyms for former regions
- List of adjectivals and demonyms for fictional regions
- List of adjectival and demonymic forms of place names
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