List of films influenced by the Surrealist movement
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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Surrealist films include Un chien andalou and L'Âge d'Or by Luis Buñuel and Dalí; Buñuel went on to direct many more films, with varying degrees of Surrealist influence. Notable for Surrealism amongst Buñuel's later films are Le Charme discret de la bourgeoisie, El ángel exterminador, and Belle de jour.
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Films by the Surrealist movement
- Entr'acte by René Clair (1924)
- La Coquille et le clergyman by Germaine Dulac, screenplay by Antonin Artaud (1928)
- Un chien andalou by Luis Buñuel and Salvador Dalí (1929)
- L'Étoile de mer by Man Ray (1928)
- L'Âge d'or by Luis Buñuel and Salvador Dalí (1930)
- Le Sang d'un poète by Jean Cocteau (1930) is an avant-garde film directed by Jean Cocteau and financed by Charles, Vicomte de Noailles. Photographer Lee Miller made her only film appearance in this movie, and it also features an appearance by the famed aerialist Barbette. It is the first part of the Orphic Trilogy, which is continued in Orphée (1950) and concluded with Testament of Orpheus (1960) which includes a cameo appearance by Pablo Picasso.
Other Early Surrealist Films & Directors
Jan Bucquoy's film Camping Cosmos (1996), André Delvaux (working in the tradition of magic realism) with his Un Soir, un Train (1968), and Marcel Mariën's controversial film L'imitation du cinéma (1959), are representatives of the Belgian Surrealist school in cinema.
Antonin Artaud, Philippe Soupault, and Robert Desnos wrote screenplays for Surrealistic films. Salvador Dalí designed a dream sequence for Alfred Hitchcock's film Spellbound (1945). Destino (1946) was a collaborative project between Salvador Dali and Walt Disney. It was left unfinished because of a lack of projected profit.
There is a strong Surrealist influence present in Alain Resnais's 1961 film Last Year at Marienbad.
Surrealist and film theorist Robert Benayoun has written books on Tex Avery, Woody Allen, Buster Keaton, and the Marx Brothers.
Later directors working within the surrealistic tradition
The animated films of Hayao Miyazaki and Isao Takahata began to have broad international influence in the 1970s. Miyazaki's themes of magical terrains and nature vs. man have influenced new Pop Surrealist fine artists around the world. Also, experimental works by the anime production company Gainax tend to contain surreal elements, notably Hideki Anno's movie, The End of Evangelion. Angel's Egg, produced by Mamoru Oshii and artist Yoshitaka Amano, is perhaps the most notable example of surrealist influence in anime.
Tex Avery's cartoons originated on film in the 1930s and 1940s, but millions more know his famous characters from Saturday morning cartoons replayed during the 1970s: Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, etc. Another Looney Tunes animator, Robert Clampett, was renowned for his surreal style in both story and visuals. Especially notable are The Great Piggy Bank Robbery and Porky in Wackyland. The Chicago Surrealist Group, in particular, has done a great deal of work on the Surrealist nature of the Looney Tunes cartoons.
More recently, award winning filmmakers at Peter Dizozza's International Surrealist Film Festival have included Amy Greenfield's Wildfire (Eclipse Productions), a new film by Matthew Gray Gubler entitled The Cactus that Looked Like a Man, Lauren Hartman's PHANT, and Susan Ingraham's GoescarGo.
General later directors
- Kenneth Anger (Fireworks, Inauguration of the Pleasure Dome)
- Darren Aronofsky (π, Requiem for a Dream, and The Fountain)
- Carlos Atanes (CODEX ATANICUS, FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions')
- Luis Buñuel's "French Era" (The Phantom of Liberty and The Exterminating Angel)
- Donald Cammell (Wild Side and White of the Eye)
- Víctor Erice (The Spirit of the Beehive)
- Michel Gondry (Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind and The Science of Sleep)
- Jean-Pierre Jeunet (Delicatessen, La Cité des enfants perdus, Amélie)
- David Lynch (Eraserhead, Blue Velvet, Lost Highway, Mulholland Drive, and Inland Empire)
- Peter Greenaway (The Falls and Drowning by Numbers)
- Nicolas Roeg (Performance and Walkabout)
- Guillermo del Toro (El Laberinto del fauno)
- Lars von Trier (The Kingdom)
Panic Movement collective (Mouvement panique)
- Fernando Arrabal (Viva la Muerte, J'irais Comme un Cheval Fou, L'arbre de Guernica)
- Alejandro Jodorowsky (The Holy Mountain, El Topo, Fando y Lis, and Santa Sangre)
- Roland Topor
Eastern European Surrealism
- Theodoros Angelopoulos (Landscape in the Mist)
- Walerian Borowczyk (The Game of the Angels and La Bête)
- Wojciech Has (The Saragossa Manuscript, 1965 and The Hour-Glass Sanatorium 1973)
- Jaromil Jires (Valerie and Her Week of Wonders)
- Elem Klimov (Come and See)
- Emir Kusturica (Time of the Gypsies, Underground)
- Adonis Kyrou
- Dušan Makavejev (Sweet Movie)
- Sergei Paradjanov (Colour of Pomegranates)
- Jan Švankmajer (Faust and Alice)
- Andrei Tarkovsky (Solaris and The Mirror)
- Bela Tarr (Werckmeister Harmonies)
- Andrzej Zulawski (Possession and The Third Part of the Night)
New Asian Surrealism
- Higuchinsky (Uzumaki)
- Hiroshi Teshigahara (Woman in the Dunes)
- Shinya Tsukamoto (Tetsuo and A Snake of June)
- Takashi Miike (Gozu)
The French New Wave
Fantasy/ Comic Surrealism
- Richard Elfman (Forbidden Zone)
- Spike Jonze (Being John Malkovich)
- Terry Gilliam (Brazil, Time Bandits, Twelve Monkeys, Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas, and Tideland)
- Guy Maddin (Archangel and The Saddest Music in the World)
- Tarsem Singh (The Fall)
Anime/ Animation
- Ralph Bakshi (Heavy Traffic, Coonskin, Wizards, and American Pop)
- Hayao Miyazaki (Spirited Away)
- Mamoru Oshii (Tenshi no Tamago)
- The Brothers Quay (The Piano Tuner of Earthquakes)
- Jan Švankmajer (Faust and Alice)
See also