William Ernest Hocking
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| - | + | '''William Ernest Hocking''' (August 10, 1873 – June 12, 1966) was an American [[idealist]] [[philosopher]] at [[Harvard University]]. He continued the work of his philosophical teacher [[Josiah Royce]] (the founder of [[American idealism]]) in revising [[idealism]] to integrate and fit into [[empiricism]], [[Naturalism (philosophy)|naturalism]] and [[pragmatism]]. He said that [[metaphysics]] has to make inductions from experience: "That which does not work is not true." His major field of study was the philosophy of religion, but his 22 books included discussions of philosophy and human rights, world politics, freedom of the press, the philosophical psychology of human nature; education; and more. In 1958 he served as president of the [[Metaphysical Society of America]]. He led a highly influential study of missions in mainline Protestant churches in 1932. His "[[Laymen's Inquiry]]" recommended a greater emphasis on education and social welfare, transfer of power to local groups, less reliance on evangelizing and conversion, and a much more respectful appreciation for local religions. | |
| - | In [[philosophy]], '''spiritualism''' is the notion, shared by a wide variety of systems of thought, that there is an immaterial reality that cannot be perceived by the senses. | + | |
| - | ==Notable spiritualist thinkers== | + | |
| - | *[[Aristotle]] | + | |
| - | *[[Henri Bergson]] | + | |
| - | *[[Maine de Biran]] | + | |
| - | *[[F. H. Bradley]] | + | |
| - | *[[Victor Cousin]] | + | |
| - | *[[René Descartes]] | + | |
| - | *[[Giovanni Gentile]] | + | |
| - | *[[William Ernest Hocking]] | + | |
| - | *[[Louis Lavelle]] | + | |
| - | *[[René Le Senne]] | + | |
| - | *[[Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz]] | + | |
| - | *[[Pindar]] | + | |
| - | *[[Plato]] | + | |
| - | *[[Josiah Royce]] | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ==See also== | + | |
| - | *[[Spiritualism (religious movement)]] | + | |
| - | *[[Alfred Russel Wallace#Spiritualism|Alfred Russel Wallace's religious spiritualism]] | + | |
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William Ernest Hocking (August 10, 1873 – June 12, 1966) was an American idealist philosopher at Harvard University. He continued the work of his philosophical teacher Josiah Royce (the founder of American idealism) in revising idealism to integrate and fit into empiricism, naturalism and pragmatism. He said that metaphysics has to make inductions from experience: "That which does not work is not true." His major field of study was the philosophy of religion, but his 22 books included discussions of philosophy and human rights, world politics, freedom of the press, the philosophical psychology of human nature; education; and more. In 1958 he served as president of the Metaphysical Society of America. He led a highly influential study of missions in mainline Protestant churches in 1932. His "Laymen's Inquiry" recommended a greater emphasis on education and social welfare, transfer of power to local groups, less reliance on evangelizing and conversion, and a much more respectful appreciation for local religions.
