Niklas Luhmann
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| - | '''Systems theory''' is the [[Transdisciplinarity|transdisciplinary]] study of [[system]]s in general, with the goal of elucidating principles that can be applied to all types of systems in all fields of research. The term does not yet have a well-established, precise meaning, but systems theory can reasonably be considered a specialization of [[systems thinking]] and a generalization of [[systems science]]. The term originates from [[Ludwig von Bertalanffy|Bertalanffy]]'s [[#General systems research and systems inquiry|General System Theory]] (GST) and is used in later efforts in other fields, such as the [[structural functionalism|structural functionalist]] [[sociology]] of [[Talcott Parsons]] and [[Niklas Luhmann]]. | ||
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| - | In this context the word "systems" is used to refer specifically to self-regulating systems, i.e. that are self-correcting through [[feedback]]. Self-regulating systems are found in nature, including the physiological systems of our body, in local and global ecosystems, and in climate. | ||
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| - | ==See also== | ||
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| - | * [[List of types of systems theory]] | ||
| - | * [[Cybernetics]] | ||
| - | * [[Emergence]] | ||
| - | * [[Glossary of systems theory]] | ||
| - | * [[Holism]] | ||
| - | * [[Integral Theory]] | ||
| - | * [[Meta-systems]] | ||
| - | * [[Open and Closed Systems in Social Science]] | ||
| - | * [[Social rule system theory]] | ||
| - | * [[Sociology and complexity science]] | ||
| - | * [[Systemantics]] | ||
| - | * [[Systemography]] | ||
| - | * [[Systems engineering]] | ||
| - | * [[Systems psychology]] | ||
| - | * [[Systemics]] | ||
| - | * [[Systems theory in archaeology]] | ||
| - | * [[Systems theory in anthropology]] | ||
| - | * [[Systems theory in political science]] | ||
| - | * [[Systems thinking]] | ||
| - | * [[World-systems theory]] | ||
| - | * [[Systematics - study of multi-term systems]] | ||
| - | * [[Dynamical systems]] | ||
| - | * [[Multidimensional systems]] | ||
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| + | '''Niklas Luhmann''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|uː|m|ə|n}}; {{IPA-de|ˈluːman|lang}}; December 8, 1927 – November 6, 1998) was a German [[sociologist]], philosopher of social science, and a prominent thinker in [[systems theory]], who is considered one of the most important social theorists of the 20th century. | ||
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Niklas Luhmann (Template:IPAc-en; Template:IPA-de; December 8, 1927 – November 6, 1998) was a German sociologist, philosopher of social science, and a prominent thinker in systems theory, who is considered one of the most important social theorists of the 20th century.
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Niklas Luhmann" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
