Lobbying
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| - | '''Activism''', in a general sense, can be described as intentional action to bring about [[social change|social]] or [[politics|political]] change. This action is in support of, or opposition to, one side of an often [[controversy|controversial]] argument. | + | '''Lobbying''' (also '''lobby''') is the act of attempting to influence decisions made by officials in the [[government]], most often [[legislator]]s or members of [[regulatory agency|regulatory agencies]]. Lobbying is done by many different types of people and organized groups, including individuals in the [[private sector]], [[corporation]]s, fellow legislators or government officials, or [[advocacy groups]] (interest groups). Lobbyists may be among a legislator's constituencies, meaning a voter or bloc of voters within his or her [[electoral district]], or not; they may engage in lobbying as a business, or not. Professional lobbyists are people whose business is trying to influence legislation on behalf of a group or individual who hires them. Individuals and [[nonprofit organization]]s can also lobby as an act of volunteering or as a small part of their normal job (for instance, a [[Chief Executive Officer|CEO]] meeting with a representative about a project important to his/her company, or an activist meeting with his/her legislator in an unpaid capacity). Governments often define and regulate organized group lobbying that has become influential. |
| - | The well known terms activism and activist used in a political manner first appeared in the [[Belgium|Belgian]] press in [[1916]] in connection with the [[Flamingant]] movement.[http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activisme_politique 1] The word "activism" is often used [[synonymous]]ly with [[protest]] or [[dissent]], but activism can stem from any number of political orientations and take a wide range of forms, from writing letters to newspapers or politicians, political campaigning, [[economic activism]] (such as [[boycott]]s or preferentially patronizing preferred businesses), rallies and [[Demonstration (people)|street marches]], [[strike action|strikes]], or even [[guerrilla warfare|guerrilla tactics]]. In the more confrontational cases, an activist may be called a [[freedom fighter]] by some, and a [[terrorism|terrorist]] by others, depending on whether the commentator supports the activist's ends. | + | ==See also== |
| + | * [[Activism]] | ||
| + | * [[Advocacy]] | ||
| + | * [[Advocacy group]] | ||
| + | * [[Advocacy Evaluation]] | ||
| + | * [[Bribery]] | ||
| + | * [[Client politics]] | ||
| + | * [[Energy lobby]] | ||
| + | * [[European Women's Lobby]] | ||
| + | * [[Issue advocacy ads|Issue versus express advocacy]] | ||
| + | * [[Money loop]] | ||
| + | * [[Outline of public affairs]] | ||
| + | * [[Pharmaceutical lobby]] | ||
| - | In some cases, activism has nothing to do with protest or confrontation: for instance, some [[religious]], [[feminist]] or [[vegetarian]]/[[vegan]] activists try to persuade people to change their behavior directly, rather than persuade governments to change laws; the [[cooperative]] movement seeks to build new institutions which conform to its principles, and generally does not lobby or protest politically. | ||
| - | ==Transformational activism== | ||
| - | Transformational activism is the idea that people need to transform on the inside as well on the outside in order to create any meaningful change in the world. | ||
| - | |||
| - | == Types of activism == | ||
| - | * [[Civil disobedience]] | ||
| - | * [[Economic activism]] | ||
| - | ** [[Boycott]] | ||
| - | * [[Lobbying]] | ||
| - | ** [[Culture jamming]] | ||
| - | * [[Propaganda]] | ||
| - | * [[Nonviolence|Non-violent confrontation]] | ||
| - | * [[Violence|Violent confrontation]] | ||
| - | **[[Rioting]] | ||
| - | **[[Terrorism]] | ||
| - | * [[Protest]] | ||
| - | ** [[Demonstration (people)|Demonstration]] | ||
| - | ** [[Protest songs]] | ||
| - | * [[Youth activism]] | ||
| - | ** [[Student activism]] | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==See also== | ||
| - | * [[Protest]] | ||
| - | * [[Rebellion]] | ||
| - | * [[Revolution]] | ||
| - | * [[Social movement]] | ||
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Revision as of 10:38, 18 January 2013
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Lobbying (also lobby) is the act of attempting to influence decisions made by officials in the government, most often legislators or members of regulatory agencies. Lobbying is done by many different types of people and organized groups, including individuals in the private sector, corporations, fellow legislators or government officials, or advocacy groups (interest groups). Lobbyists may be among a legislator's constituencies, meaning a voter or bloc of voters within his or her electoral district, or not; they may engage in lobbying as a business, or not. Professional lobbyists are people whose business is trying to influence legislation on behalf of a group or individual who hires them. Individuals and nonprofit organizations can also lobby as an act of volunteering or as a small part of their normal job (for instance, a CEO meeting with a representative about a project important to his/her company, or an activist meeting with his/her legislator in an unpaid capacity). Governments often define and regulate organized group lobbying that has become influential.
See also
- Activism
- Advocacy
- Advocacy group
- Advocacy Evaluation
- Bribery
- Client politics
- Energy lobby
- European Women's Lobby
- Issue versus express advocacy
- Money loop
- Outline of public affairs
- Pharmaceutical lobby
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Lobbying" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
