Lorraine
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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Lorraine is a cultural and historical region in Northeastern France, now located in the administrative region of Grand Est. Its name stems from the medieval kingdom of Lotharingia, which in turn was named after either Emperor Lothair I or King Lothair II. Lorraine later was ruled as the Duchy of Lorraine before the Kingdom of France annexed it in 1766.
From 1982 until January 2016, Lorraine was an administrative region of France. In 2016, under a reorganisation, it became part of the new region Grand Est. As a region in modern France, Lorraine consisted of the four departments Meurthe-et-Moselle, Meuse, Moselle and Vosges (from a historical point of view the Haute-Marne department is located in the region), containing 2,337 communes. Metz is the regional prefecture. The largest metropolitan area of Lorraine is Nancy, which had developed for centuries as the seat of the duchy.
Lorraine borders Germany, Belgium and Luxembourg. Its inhabitants are called Lorrains and Lorraines in French and number about 2,356,000.
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Major communities
- Épinal
- Forbach
- Lunéville
- Metz
- Montigny-lès-Metz
- Nancy
- Saint-Dié-des-Vosges
- Sarreguemines
- Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy
- Thionville
Fauna and flora
Fauna
Flora
- Ash tree
- Beech
- Buxus boxwood
- Fern
- Geranium
- Hornbeam
- Lily of the Valley
- Maple
- Mirabelle
- Sage
- Spruce
- Thistle
Notable Lorrainers
Art and literature
- Jacques Callot (1592–1635)
- Claude Lorrain (Claude Gellée) (1600–1682)
- Émile Erckmann (1822–1899)
- Alexandre Chatrian (1826–1890)
- Paul Verlaine (1844–1896)
- Émile Jules Gallé (1846–1904)
- Jules Bastien-Lepage (1848–1884)
- Eugène Vallin (1856–1922)
- Émile Durkheim (1858–1917) (pictured)
- Victor Prouvé (1858–1943)
- Louis Majorelle (1859–1926)
- Lucien Weissenburger (1860–1929)
- Émile Friant (1863–1932)
- Paul Charbonnier (1865–1953)
- Henri Bergé (1870–1937)
- Jacques Gruber (1870–1936)
- Émile André (1871–1933)
- Jean-Marie Straub (1933-)
- Bernard-Marie Koltès (1948–1989)
- Philippe Claudel (1962-)
- Georges de La Tour (1593–1652)
Economy and industry
- Albert Bergeret (1859–1932)
- Antonin (1864–1930)
- Auguste (1853–1909)
Military
- Godfrey de Bouillon (1060–1100)
- Georges Mouton (1770–1838)
- Jean Baptiste Eblé (1758–1812)
- Nicolas Oudinot (1767-1848)
- Joseph Léopold Sigisbert Hugo (1774–1828)
- Louis-Hubert Lyautey (1854–1934)
- Charles Mangin (1866-1925)
Musicians and actors
- Florent Schmitt (1870–1958)
- Darry Cowl (1925–2006)
- Charlélie Couture (1956-)
- Tom Novembre (1959-)
- Patricia Kaas (1966-)
Politicians
- Pierre-Louis Roederer (1754–1835)
- Jules Ferry (1832–1893)
- Raymond Poincaré (1860–1934)
- Maurice Barrès (1862–1923)
- Albert Lebrun (1871–1950)
- Robert Schuman (1886–1963)
- Jack Lang (1939-)
Religion
- Bruno d'Eguisheim-Dagsbourg Pope Leo IX (1002–1054)
- Henri Grégoire (1750–1831)
- Joan d'Arc( 1412-1431)
Sciences
- Charles Messier (1730–1817)
- Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier (1757–1785)
- Jean-Victor Poncelet (1788–1867)
- Charles Hermite (1822–1901)
- Edmond Laguerre (1834–1886)
- Henri Poincaré (1854–1912)
- Marie Marvingt (1875–1963)
- Louis Camille Maillard (1878–1936)
- Hubert Curien (1924–2005)
Sport
- Michel Platini (1955-)
- Patrick Battiston (1957-)
Miscellaneous
- Antoine de Ville
- Raymond Schwartz (1894–1973)
- Nicolas Chopin (1771–1844)
- Pierre Gaxotte (1895-1982)
- Pierre Le Garde (1985–present)
See also