New media art  

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 +"[[Dries Depoorter]], author of [[Die With Me]], creates artworks about [[surveillance]], [[privacy]], [[social media]] and [[machine learning]]."--Sholem Stein
 +|}
{{Template}} {{Template}}
-'''New media art''' is an [[art]] genre that encompasses artworks created with [[new media]] [[technology|technologies]], including computer graphics, computer animation, the Internet, interactive technologies, robotics, and biotechnologies. The term differentiates itself by its resulting cultural objects, which can be seen in opposition to those deriving from old media arts (i.e. traditional painting, sculpture, etc.) This concern with medium is a key feature of much [[contemporary art]] and indeed many art schools now offer a major in "New Genres" or "New Media." New Media concerns are often derived from the [[telecommunications]], [[mass media]] and [[digital]] modes of delivery the artworks involve, with practices ranging from [[conceptual]] to [[Internet Art|virtual art]], [[performance]] to [[Installation art|installation]].  
-==History==+'''New media art''' is a genre that encompasses artworks created with [[new media]] [[technology|technologies]], including [[digital art]], [[computer graphics]], [[computer animation]], [[virtual art]], [[Internet art]], [[interactive art]], [[video games]], [[computer]] [[robotics]], and art as [[biotechnology]]. The term differentiates itself by its resulting cultural objects and social events, which can be seen in opposition to those deriving from old visual arts (i.e. traditional [[painting]], sculpture, etc.). This concern with medium is a key feature of much [[contemporary art]] and indeed many art schools and major Universities now offer majors in "New Genres" or "New Media" New Media Art often involves interaction between artist and observer or between observers and the artwork, which responds to them. Yet, as several theorists and curators have noted, such forms of interaction, social exchange, participation, and transformation do not distinguish new media art but rather serve as a common ground that has parallels in other strands of contemporary art practice. Such insights emphasize the forms of cultural practice that arise concurrently with emerging technological platforms, and question the focus on technological media, per se.
-The origins of new media art can be traced to the moving photographic inventions of the late [[1800s|19th Century]] such as the [[zoetrope]] (1834), the [[praxinoscope]] (1877) and [[Eadweard Muybridge|Eadweard Muybridge's]] [[zoopraxiscope]] (1879). +New Media concerns are often derived from the [[telecommunications]], [[mass media]] and [[Digital electronics|digital electronic]] modes of delivering the artworks involve, with practices ranging from [[conceptual art|conceptual]] to [[Internet Art|virtual art]], [[performance]] to [[Installation art|installation]].
 +== History ==
 +The origins of new media art can be traced to the moving image inventions of the 19th century such as the [[phenakistiscope]] (1833), the [[praxinoscope]] (1877) and [[Eadweard Muybridge|Eadweard Muybridge's]] [[zoopraxiscope]] (1879). From the 1900s through the 1960s, various forms of kinetic and light art, from [[Thomas Wilfred]]'s 'Lumia' (1919) and 'Clavilux' light organs to [[Jean Tinguely]]'s self-destructing sculpture ''Homage to New York'' (1960) can be seen as progenitors of new media art.
-During the 1960s the development of then new technologies of video produced the new media art experiments of [[Nam June Paik]] and [[Wolf Vostell]], and [[multimedia]] [[performance]]s of [[Fluxus]]. +[[Steve Dixon (actor)|Steve Dixon]] in his book ''Digital Performance: New Technologies in Theatre, Dance and Performance Art'' argues that the early twentieth century [[avant-garde]] art movement [[Futurism]] was the birthplace of the merging of technology and performance art. Some early examples of performance artists who experimented with then state-of-the-art lighting, film, and projection include dancers [[Loie Fuller|Loïe Fuller]] and [[Valentine de Saint-Point]]. Cartoonist [[Winsor McCay]] performed in sync with an animated [[Gertie the Dinosaur]] on tour in 1914. By the 1920s many Cabaret acts began incorporating film projection into performances.
-More recently, the term "new media" has become closely associated with the term [[Digital Art]], and has converged with the history and theory of computer-based practices. Ever since the early days of computing there have been a dedicated few who toiled to create pieces of art on the digital medium. It wasn’t until the advent of the commercial internet in the late 80’s and early 90’s that digital art attracted a broader range of artist. The communicative nature of the Internet and the excitement of the dot com bubble helped fuel early net art pieces like [[jodi.org]] and net art groups [[etoy]].+[[Robert Rauschenberg]]'s piece ''Broadcast'' (1959), composed of three interactive re-tunable radios and a painting, is considered one of the first examples of interactive art. German artist [[Wolf Vostell]] experimented with television sets in his (1958) installation TV De-collages. Vostell's work influenced [[Nam June Paik]], who created sculptural installations featuring hundreds of television sets that displayed distorted and abstract footage.
-Simultaneously advances in biotechnology have also allowed artists like [[Eduardo Kac]] to begin exploring the new yet ancient medium of DNA and genetics.+Beginning in Chicago during the 1970s, there was a surge of artists experimenting with video art and combining recent computer technology with their traditional mediums, including sculpture, photography, and graphic design. Many of the artists involved were grad students at [[School of the Art Institute of Chicago|The School of the Art Institute of Chicago]], including [[Kate Horsfield]] and [[Lyn Blumenthal]], who co-founded the [[Video Data Bank]] in 1976. Another artists involved was [[Donna Cox]], she collaborated with mathematician George Francis and computer scientist Ray Idaszak on the project ''Venus in Time'' which depicted mathematical data as 3D digital sculptures named for their similarities to paleolithic [[Venus figurine|Venus statues]]. In 1982 artist [[Ellen R. Sandor|Ellen Sandor]] and her team called (art)n Laboratory created the medium called [[PHSCologram]], which stands for photography, holography, sculpture, and computer graphics. Her visualization of the AIDS virus was depicted on the cover of [[List of IEEE publications|IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications]] in November 1988. At the [[University of Illinois Chicago|University of Illinois]] in 1989, members of the [[Electronic Visualization Laboratory]] [[Carolina Cruz-Neira]], [[Thomas A. DeFanti|Thomas DeFanti]], and [[Daniel J. Sandin]] collaborated to create what is known as [[Cave automatic virtual environment|CAVE]] or Cave Automatic Virtual Environment an early virtual reality immersion using rear projection.
-Contemporary New Media Art influences on new media art have been the theories developed around [[hypertext]], [[databases]], and [[computer network|networks]]. Important thinkers in this regard have been [[Vannevar Bush]] and [[Theodor Nelson]] with important contributions from the literary works of [[Jorge Luis Borges]], [[Italo Calvino]], [[Julio Cortázar]] and [[Douglas Cooper]]. These elements have been especially revolutionary for the field of narrative and anti-narrative studies, leading explorations into areas such as non-linear and interactive narratives.+In 1983, [[Roy Ascott]] introduced the concept of "distributed authorship" in his worldwide telematic project La Plissure du Texte for [[Frank Popper]]'s "Electra" at the [[Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris]]. The development of computer graphics at the end of the 1980s and real time technologies in the 1990s combined with the spreading of the Web and the Internet favored the emergence of new and various forms of interactive art by [[Ken Feingold]], [[Lynn Hershman Leeson]], [[David Rokeby]], [[Ken Rinaldo]], [[Perry Hoberman]], [[Tamas Waliczky]]; [[telematic art]] by [[Roy Ascott]], [[Paul Sermon]], [[Michael Bielický]]; Internet art by [[Vuk Ćosić]], [[Jodi (art collective)|Jodi]]; virtual and immersive art by [[Jeffrey Shaw]], [[Maurice Benayoun]], [[Monika Fleischmann]], and large scale urban installation by [[Rafael Lozano-Hemmer]]. In Geneva, the [[Centre pour l'Image Contemporaine]] or CIC coproduced with [[Centre Georges Pompidou]] from Paris and the [[Museum Ludwig]] in Cologne the first internet video archive of new media art.
-==Themes==+Simultaneously advances in biotechnology have also allowed artists like [[Eduardo Kac]] to begin exploring DNA and genetics as a new art medium.
-According the New Media Art by [[Mark Tribe]] and Reena contemporary new media art pieces tend to deal with themes such as collaboration, identity, [[appropriation art|appropriation]] and [[Open Source|open sourcing]], [[telepresence]] and surveillance, corporate parody, as well as intervention and [[hactivism]]. +Influences on new media art have been the theories developed around interaction, [[hypertext]], databases, and [[computer network|networks]]. Important thinkers in this regard have been [[Vannevar Bush]] and [[Theodor Nelson]], whereas comparable ideas can be found in the literary works of [[Jorge Luis Borges]], [[Italo Calvino]], and [[Julio Cortázar]].
- +
-The interconnectivity and interactivity of the internet as well as the fight between corporate interests, governmental interests and public interests which gave birth to the web and continue today fascinate and inspire a lot of current New Media Art.+
- +
-==Types==+
- +
-The term New Media Art is generally applied to disciplines such as:+
- +
-* [[Artistic computer game modification]]+
-* [[Ascii Art]]+
-* [[BioArt|Bio Art]]+
-* [[Computer art]]+
-* [[Digital art]]+
-* [[Digital poetry]]+
-* [[Electronic art]]+
-* [[Generative art]]+
-* [[Hacktivism]]+
-* [[Information art]]+
-* [[Interactive art]]+
-* [[Internet art]]+
-* [[Net art]]+
-* [[Performance art]]+
-* [[Robotic art]]+
-* [[Software art]]+
-* [[Sound art]]+
-* [[Video art]]+
-* [[Virtual art]]+
- +
- +
-==Presentation & Preservation==+
-As the technologies used to deliver works of new media art such as [[photographic film|film]], [[cassette tape|tapes]], [[web browser]]s, [[software]] and [[operating system]]s become obsolete, New Media art faces serious issues around the challenge to [[Art conservation and restoration|preserve artwork]] beyond the time of its contemporary production. Currently, research projects into [[New media art preservation]] are underway to improve the preservation and documentation of the fragile media arts heritage (see [[Docam|DOCAM - Documentation and Conservation of the Media Arts Heritage]]). +
- +
-Methods of preservation exist, including the translation of a work from an obsolete medium into a related new medium, the digital archiving of media (see [[Internet Archive]]), and the use of [[emulators]] to preserve work dependent on obsolete software or operating system environments.+
==See also== ==See also==
- +* [[ART/MEDIA]]
-* [[Net.art]]+* [[Artmedia]]
 +* [[Aspect magazine]]
 +* [[Culture jamming]]
 +* [[Digital media]]
 +* [[Digital puppetry]]
* [[Electronic Language International Festival]] * [[Electronic Language International Festival]]
-* [[Digital art]]+* ''[[Expanded Cinema]]''
-* [[Digital puppetry]]+* [[Experiments in Art and Technology]]
-* [[Docam|DOCAM: Documentation and Conservation of the Media Arts Heritage]]+* [[Information art]]
-* [[Electronic art]]+* [[Interactive film]]
 +* [[Interactive media]]
* [[Intermedia]] * [[Intermedia]]
-* [[New Media art festivals]]+* [[LA Freewaves]]
-* [[New Media]]+* [[Net.art]]
-* [[Interactive film]]+* [[New media art festivals]]
 +* [[New media artist]]
* [[New media art journals]] * [[New media art journals]]
* [[New media art preservation]] * [[New media art preservation]]
- +* [[Perpetual Art Machine]]
-===New media artists===+* [[Remix culture]]
-* [[Carlos Amorales]]+* [[VJing]]
-* [[Maurice Benayoun]]+
-* [[Agricola de Cologne]]+
-* [[Heiko Daxl]]+
-* [[Ingeborg Fülepp]]+
-* [[Lynn Hershman]]+
-* [[Perry Hoberman]]+
-* [[Rohit Gupta]]+
-* [[Junichi Kakizaki]]+
-* [[Rafael Lozano-Hemmer]]+
-* [[Michael Naimark]]+
-* [[Graham Nicholls]]+
-* [[Christian Moeller]]+
-* [[Zaven Paré]]+
-* [[Melinda Rackham]]+
-* [[Knowbotic Research]]+
-* [[Don Ritter]]+
-* [[David Rokeby]]+
-* [[Scott Snibbe]]+
-* [[Camille Utterback]]+
- +
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"Dries Depoorter, author of Die With Me, creates artworks about surveillance, privacy, social media and machine learning."--Sholem Stein

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New media art is a genre that encompasses artworks created with new media technologies, including digital art, computer graphics, computer animation, virtual art, Internet art, interactive art, video games, computer robotics, and art as biotechnology. The term differentiates itself by its resulting cultural objects and social events, which can be seen in opposition to those deriving from old visual arts (i.e. traditional painting, sculpture, etc.). This concern with medium is a key feature of much contemporary art and indeed many art schools and major Universities now offer majors in "New Genres" or "New Media" New Media Art often involves interaction between artist and observer or between observers and the artwork, which responds to them. Yet, as several theorists and curators have noted, such forms of interaction, social exchange, participation, and transformation do not distinguish new media art but rather serve as a common ground that has parallels in other strands of contemporary art practice. Such insights emphasize the forms of cultural practice that arise concurrently with emerging technological platforms, and question the focus on technological media, per se.

New Media concerns are often derived from the telecommunications, mass media and digital electronic modes of delivering the artworks involve, with practices ranging from conceptual to virtual art, performance to installation.

[edit]

History

The origins of new media art can be traced to the moving image inventions of the 19th century such as the phenakistiscope (1833), the praxinoscope (1877) and Eadweard Muybridge's zoopraxiscope (1879). From the 1900s through the 1960s, various forms of kinetic and light art, from Thomas Wilfred's 'Lumia' (1919) and 'Clavilux' light organs to Jean Tinguely's self-destructing sculpture Homage to New York (1960) can be seen as progenitors of new media art.

Steve Dixon in his book Digital Performance: New Technologies in Theatre, Dance and Performance Art argues that the early twentieth century avant-garde art movement Futurism was the birthplace of the merging of technology and performance art. Some early examples of performance artists who experimented with then state-of-the-art lighting, film, and projection include dancers Loïe Fuller and Valentine de Saint-Point. Cartoonist Winsor McCay performed in sync with an animated Gertie the Dinosaur on tour in 1914. By the 1920s many Cabaret acts began incorporating film projection into performances.

Robert Rauschenberg's piece Broadcast (1959), composed of three interactive re-tunable radios and a painting, is considered one of the first examples of interactive art. German artist Wolf Vostell experimented with television sets in his (1958) installation TV De-collages. Vostell's work influenced Nam June Paik, who created sculptural installations featuring hundreds of television sets that displayed distorted and abstract footage.

Beginning in Chicago during the 1970s, there was a surge of artists experimenting with video art and combining recent computer technology with their traditional mediums, including sculpture, photography, and graphic design. Many of the artists involved were grad students at The School of the Art Institute of Chicago, including Kate Horsfield and Lyn Blumenthal, who co-founded the Video Data Bank in 1976. Another artists involved was Donna Cox, she collaborated with mathematician George Francis and computer scientist Ray Idaszak on the project Venus in Time which depicted mathematical data as 3D digital sculptures named for their similarities to paleolithic Venus statues. In 1982 artist Ellen Sandor and her team called (art)n Laboratory created the medium called PHSCologram, which stands for photography, holography, sculpture, and computer graphics. Her visualization of the AIDS virus was depicted on the cover of IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications in November 1988. At the University of Illinois in 1989, members of the Electronic Visualization Laboratory Carolina Cruz-Neira, Thomas DeFanti, and Daniel J. Sandin collaborated to create what is known as CAVE or Cave Automatic Virtual Environment an early virtual reality immersion using rear projection.

In 1983, Roy Ascott introduced the concept of "distributed authorship" in his worldwide telematic project La Plissure du Texte for Frank Popper's "Electra" at the Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris. The development of computer graphics at the end of the 1980s and real time technologies in the 1990s combined with the spreading of the Web and the Internet favored the emergence of new and various forms of interactive art by Ken Feingold, Lynn Hershman Leeson, David Rokeby, Ken Rinaldo, Perry Hoberman, Tamas Waliczky; telematic art by Roy Ascott, Paul Sermon, Michael Bielický; Internet art by Vuk Ćosić, Jodi; virtual and immersive art by Jeffrey Shaw, Maurice Benayoun, Monika Fleischmann, and large scale urban installation by Rafael Lozano-Hemmer. In Geneva, the Centre pour l'Image Contemporaine or CIC coproduced with Centre Georges Pompidou from Paris and the Museum Ludwig in Cologne the first internet video archive of new media art.

Simultaneously advances in biotechnology have also allowed artists like Eduardo Kac to begin exploring DNA and genetics as a new art medium.

Influences on new media art have been the theories developed around interaction, hypertext, databases, and networks. Important thinkers in this regard have been Vannevar Bush and Theodor Nelson, whereas comparable ideas can be found in the literary works of Jorge Luis Borges, Italo Calvino, and Julio Cortázar.

[edit]

See also


Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "New media art" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.

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