Islam  

From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia

Revision as of 22:15, 5 July 2017; view current revision
←Older revision | Newer revision→
Jump to: navigation, search

Islam is a monotheistic religion originating with the teachings of Muhammad, a 7th-century Arab religious and political figure. The word Islam means "submission," or the total surrender of one's self to God.

Related e

Wikipedia
Wiktionary
Shop

Featured:

Islam is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion which professes that there is only one and incomparable God (Allah)<ref>quran.com: [1]</ref> and that Muhammad is the last messenger of God.<ref>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref><ref name=OEIW-allah>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref> It is the world's second-largest religion<ref name=landscape>{{

  1. if: {{#if: http://www.pewforum.org/2012/12/18/global-religious-landscape-exec/ | {{#if: The Global Religious Landscape |1}}}} 
 ||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified

}}{{

  1. if: 
 | {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if:  |1}}}}
   ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted

}} }}{{#if: 

 | {{#if: 
   | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: 
     | {{{last}}}{{#if:  | , {{{first}}} }}
     | {{{author}}}
   }}]]
   | {{#if: 
     | {{{last}}}{{#if:  | , {{{first}}} }}
     | {{{author}}}
   }}
 }}

}}{{#if: 

 | {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}

}}{{#if: | 

   {{#if: 18 December 2012
   |  (18 December 2012)
   | {{#if: 
     | {{#if: 
       |  ({{{month}}} {{{year}}})
       |  ({{{year}}})
     }}
   }}
 |}}

}}{{#if: 

 | . }}{{
 #if: 
 |  {{{editor}}}:

}}{{#if: 

   | {{#if:  | {{#if: The Global Religious Landscape | [{{{archiveurl}}} The Global Religious Landscape] }}}}
   | {{#if: http://www.pewforum.org/2012/12/18/global-religious-landscape-exec/ | {{#if: The Global Religious Landscape | The Global Religious Landscape }}}}

}}{{#if: | ({{{language}}}) }}{{#if: 

 |  ()

}}{{#if: 

 | . {{{work}}}

}}{{#if: 

 |  {{{pages}}}

}}{{#if: Pew Forum 

 | . Pew Forum{{#if: 
   | 
   | {{#if: 18 December 2012 || }}
 }}

}}{{#if: 

 ||{{#if: 18 December 2012
   |  (18 December 2012)
   | {{#if: 
     | {{#if: 
       |  ({{{month}}} {{{year}}})
       |  ({{{year}}})
     }}
   }}
 }}

}}.{{#if: 

 |  Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].

}}{{#if: 

 |  Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|{{{accessdate}}}{{#if:  | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.

}}{{#if: 

 |  Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.

}}{{#if: 

 |  Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.

}}{{#if: 

 |  “{{{quote}}}”

}}</ref> and the fastest-growing major religion in the world,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=Lippman>{{

  1. if: {{#if: http://www.usnews.com/news/religion/articles/2008/04/07/no-god-but-god | {{#if: No God But God |1}}}} 
 ||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified

}}{{

  1. if: 
 | {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if:  |1}}}}
   ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted

}} }}{{#if: Lippman, Thomas W. 

 | {{#if: 
   | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: 
     | {{{last}}}{{#if:  | , {{{first}}} }}
     | Lippman, Thomas W.
   }}]]
   | {{#if: 
     | {{{last}}}{{#if:  | , {{{first}}} }}
     | Lippman, Thomas W.
   }}
 }}

}}{{#if: Lippman, Thomas W. 

 | {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}

}}{{#if: Lippman, Thomas W.| 

   {{#if: 2008-04-07
   |  (2008-04-07)
   | {{#if: 
     | {{#if: 
       |  ({{{month}}} {{{year}}})
       |  ({{{year}}})
     }}
   }}
 |}}

}}{{#if: Lippman, Thomas W. 

 | . }}{{
 #if: 
 |  {{{editor}}}:

}}{{#if: 

   | {{#if:  | {{#if: No God But God | [{{{archiveurl}}} No God But God] }}}}
   | {{#if: http://www.usnews.com/news/religion/articles/2008/04/07/no-god-but-god | {{#if: No God But God | No God But God }}}}

}}{{#if: | ({{{language}}}) }}{{#if: 

 |  ()

}}{{#if: 

 | . {{{work}}}

}}{{#if: 

 |  {{{pages}}}

}}{{#if: U.S. News & World Report 

 | . U.S. News & World Report{{#if: Lippman, Thomas W.
   | 
   | {{#if: 2008-04-07 || }}
 }}

}}{{#if: Lippman, Thomas W. 

 ||{{#if: 2008-04-07
   |  (2008-04-07)
   | {{#if: 
     | {{#if: 
       |  ({{{month}}} {{{year}}})
       |  ({{{year}}})
     }}
   }}
 }}

}}.{{#if: 

 |  Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].

}}{{#if: 2013-09-24 

 |  Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|2013-09-24{{#if:  | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.

}}{{#if: 

 |  Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.

}}{{#if: 

 |  Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.

}}{{#if: Islam is the youngest, the fastest growing, and in many ways the least complicated of the world's great monotheistic faiths. It is based on its own holy book, but it is also a direct descendant of Judaism and Christianity, incorporating some of the teachings of those religions—modifying some and rejecting others. 

 |  “Islam is the youngest, the fastest growing, and in many ways the least complicated of the world's great monotheistic faiths. It is based on its own holy book, but it is also a direct descendant of Judaism and Christianity, incorporating some of the teachings of those religions—modifying some and rejecting others.”

}}</ref><ref>PBS - Islam: Empire of Faith - Faith - Islam Today.</ref> with over 1.8 billion followers or 24.1% of the global population,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> known as Muslims.<ref>According to Oxford Dictionaries, "Muslim is the preferred term for 'follower of Islam,' although Moslem is also widely used."</ref> Islam teaches that God is merciful, all-powerful, unique,<ref>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref> and has guided mankind through prophets, revealed scriptures and natural signs.<ref name=OEIW-allah/><ref>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref> The primary scriptures of Islam are the Quran, viewed by Muslims as the verbatim word of God, and the teachings and normative example (called the sunnah, composed of accounts called hadith) of Muhammad ([[Circa|Template:Circa]] 570–8 June 632 CE).

Muslims believe that Islam is the complete and universal version of a primordial faith that was revealed many times before through prophets including Adam, Abraham, Moses, and Jesus.<ref name="People-of-the-Book">{{

  1. if: {{#if: http://www.pbs.org/empires/islam/faithpeople.html | {{#if: People of the Book |1}}}} 
 ||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified

}}{{

  1. if: 
 | {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if:  |1}}}}
   ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted

}} }}{{#if: 

 | {{#if: 
   | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: 
     | {{{last}}}{{#if:  | , {{{first}}} }}
     | {{{author}}}
   }}]]
   | {{#if: 
     | {{{last}}}{{#if:  | , {{{first}}} }}
     | {{{author}}}
   }}
 }}

}}{{#if: 

 | {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}

}}{{#if: | 

   {{#if: 
   |  ({{{date}}})
   | {{#if: 
     | {{#if: 
       |  ({{{month}}} {{{year}}})
       |  ({{{year}}})
     }}
   }}
 |}}

}}{{#if: 

 | . }}{{
 #if: 
 |  {{{editor}}}:

}}{{#if: 

   | {{#if:  | {{#if: People of the Book | [{{{archiveurl}}} People of the Book] }}}}
   | {{#if: http://www.pbs.org/empires/islam/faithpeople.html | {{#if: People of the Book | People of the Book }}}}

}}{{#if: | ({{{language}}}) }}{{#if: 

 |  ()

}}{{#if: Islam: Empire of Faith 

 | . Islam: Empire of Faith

}}{{#if: 

 |  {{{pages}}}

}}{{#if: PBS 

 | . PBS{{#if: 
   | 
   | {{#if:  || }}
 }}

}}{{#if: 

 ||{{#if: 
   |  ({{{date}}})
   | {{#if: 
     | {{#if: 
       |  ({{{month}}} {{{year}}})
       |  ({{{year}}})
     }}
   }}
 }}

}}.{{#if: 

 |  Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].

}}{{#if: 2010-12-18 

 |  Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|2010-12-18{{#if:  | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.

}}{{#if: 

 |  Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.

}}{{#if: 

 |  Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.

}}{{#if: 

 |  “{{{quote}}}”

}}</ref><ref>Reeves, J. C. (2004). Bible and Qurʼān: Essays in scriptural intertextuality. Leiden [u.a.: Brill. Page 177</ref><ref>http://www.cnn.com/2015/10/21/living/yom-kippur-muslims/index.html, retrieved 10-1-2016</ref> As for the Quran, Muslims consider it to be the unaltered and final revelation of God.<ref>Template:Harvtxt</ref> Like other Abrahamic religions, Islam also teaches a final judgment with the righteous rewarded paradise and unrighteous are punished in hell.<ref>[2]</ref> Religious concepts and practices include the five pillars of Islam, which are obligatory acts of worship, and following Islamic law, which touches on virtually every aspect of life and society, from banking and welfare to women and the environment.<ref>Template:Harvtxt</ref><ref>* Template:Harvtxt

</ref> The cities of Mecca, Medina and Jerusalem are home to the three holiest sites in Islam.<ref name="Trofimov">Template:Citation</ref>

Apart from the Muslim viewpoint,<ref name="Esposito1998">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="Esposito2002b">Esposito (2002b), pp. 4–5.</ref><ref name="Peters2003">Template:Cite book</ref> Islam is believed to have originated in the early 7th century CE in Mecca,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> and by the 8th century the Islamic empire extended from Iberia in the west to the Indus River in the east. The Islamic Golden Age refers to the period traditionally dated from the 8th century to the 13th century when much of the historically Islamic world was experiencing a scientific, economic and cultural flourishing.<ref name=Saliba>George Saliba (1994), A History of Arabic Astronomy: Planetary Theories During the Golden Age of Islam, pp. 245, 250, 256–7. New York University Press, Template:ISBN.</ref><ref name=King>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name=Hassan-Decline>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref> The expansion of the Muslim world involved various caliphates and empires, traders and conversion to Islam by missionary activities.<ref>The preaching of Islam: a history of the propagation of the Muslim faith By Sir Thomas Walker Arnold, pg.125-258</ref>

Most Muslims are of one of two denominations:<ref name="NYT-20160103">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="NYT-20160105-maps">Template:Cite news</ref> Sunni (75–90%)<ref name="Sunni-eb" /> or Shia (10–20%).<ref name="Shia" /> About 13% of Muslims live in Indonesia,<ref name="Miller 2009, pp.8,17">Template:Harvtxt</ref> the largest Muslim-majority country, 31% in South Asia,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>{{

  1. if: {{#if: http://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/muslims/pf_15-04-02_projectionstables74/ | {{#if: 10 Countries With the Largest Muslim Populations, 2010 and 2050date=2015-04-02 |1}}}} 
 ||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified

}}{{

  1. if: 
 | {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if:  |1}}}}
   ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted

}} }}{{#if: 

 | {{#if: 
   | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: 
     | {{{last}}}{{#if:  | , {{{first}}} }}
     | {{{author}}}
   }}]]
   | {{#if: 
     | {{{last}}}{{#if:  | , {{{first}}} }}
     | {{{author}}}
   }}
 }}

}}{{#if: 

 | {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}

}}{{#if: | 

   {{#if: 
   |  ({{{date}}})
   | {{#if: 
     | {{#if: 
       |  ({{{month}}} {{{year}}})
       |  ({{{year}}})
     }}
   }}
 |}}

}}{{#if: 

 | . }}{{
 #if: 
 |  {{{editor}}}:

}}{{#if: 

   | {{#if:  | {{#if: 10 Countries With the Largest Muslim Populations, 2010 and 2050date=2015-04-02 | [{{{archiveurl}}} 10 Countries With the Largest Muslim Populations, 2010 and 2050date=2015-04-02] }}}}
   | {{#if: http://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/muslims/pf_15-04-02_projectionstables74/ | {{#if: 10 Countries With the Largest Muslim Populations, 2010 and 2050date=2015-04-02 | 10 Countries With the Largest Muslim Populations, 2010 and 2050date=2015-04-02 }}}}

}}{{#if: | ({{{language}}}) }}{{#if: 

 |  ()

}}{{#if: 

 | . {{{work}}}

}}{{#if: 

 |  {{{pages}}}

}}{{#if: 

 | . {{{publisher}}}{{#if: 
   | 
   | {{#if:  || }}
 }}

}}{{#if: 

 ||{{#if: 
   |  ({{{date}}})
   | {{#if: 
     | {{#if: 
       |  ({{{month}}} {{{year}}})
       |  ({{{year}}})
     }}
   }}
 }}

}}.{{#if: 

 |  Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].

}}{{#if: 

 |  Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|{{{accessdate}}}{{#if:  | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.

}}{{#if: 

 |  Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.

}}{{#if: 

 |  Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.

}}{{#if: 

 |  “{{{quote}}}”

}}</ref> the largest population of Muslims in the world,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> 23% in the Middle East-North Africa,<ref>{{

  1. if: {{#if: http://www.pewforum.org/2009/10/07/mapping-the-global-muslim-population10/ | {{#if: Middle East-North Africa Overview |1}}}} 
 ||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified

}}{{

  1. if: 
 | {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if:  |1}}}}
   ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted

}} }}{{#if: 

 | {{#if: 
   | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: 
     | {{{last}}}{{#if:  | , {{{first}}} }}
     | {{{author}}}
   }}]]
   | {{#if: 
     | {{{last}}}{{#if:  | , {{{first}}} }}
     | {{{author}}}
   }}
 }}

}}{{#if: 

 | {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}

}}{{#if: | 

   {{#if: 7 October 2009
   |  (7 October 2009)
   | {{#if: 
     | {{#if: 
       |  ({{{month}}} {{{year}}})
       |  ({{{year}}})
     }}
   }}
 |}}

}}{{#if: 

 | . }}{{
 #if: 
 |  {{{editor}}}:

}}{{#if: 

   | {{#if:  | {{#if: Middle East-North Africa Overview | [{{{archiveurl}}} Middle East-North Africa Overview] }}}}
   | {{#if: http://www.pewforum.org/2009/10/07/mapping-the-global-muslim-population10/ | {{#if: Middle East-North Africa Overview | Middle East-North Africa Overview }}}}

}}{{#if: | ({{{language}}}) }}{{#if: 

 |  ()

}}{{#if: 

 | . {{{work}}}

}}{{#if: 

 |  {{{pages}}}

}}{{#if: 

 | . {{#if: 
   | 
   | {{#if: 7 October 2009 || }}
 }}

}}{{#if: 

 ||{{#if: 7 October 2009
   |  (7 October 2009)
   | {{#if: 
     | {{#if: 
       |  ({{{month}}} {{{year}}})
       |  ({{{year}}})
     }}
   }}
 }}

}}.{{#if: 

 |  Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].

}}{{#if: 

 |  Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|{{{accessdate}}}{{#if:  | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.

}}{{#if: 

 |  Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.

}}{{#if: 

 |  Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.

}}{{#if: 

 |  “{{{quote}}}”

}}</ref> where it is the dominant religion,<ref name="pewmuslim22">{{

  1. if: {{#if: http://pewforum.org/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-regional-middle-east.aspx | {{#if: Region: Middle East-North Africa |1}}}} 
 ||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified

}}{{

  1. if: 
 | {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if:  |1}}}}
   ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted

}} }}{{#if: 

 | {{#if: 
   | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: 
     | {{{last}}}{{#if:  | , {{{first}}} }}
     | {{{author}}}
   }}]]
   | {{#if: 
     | {{{last}}}{{#if:  | , {{{first}}} }}
     | {{{author}}}
   }}
 }}

}}{{#if: 

 | {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}

}}{{#if: | 

   {{#if: 
   |  ({{{date}}})
   | {{#if: 
     | {{#if: 
       |  ({{{month}}} {{{year}}})
       |  ({{{year}}})
     }}
   }}
 |}}

}}{{#if: 

 | . }}{{
 #if: 
 |  {{{editor}}}:

}}{{#if: 

   | {{#if:  | {{#if: Region: Middle East-North Africa | [{{{archiveurl}}} Region: Middle East-North Africa] }}}}
   | {{#if: http://pewforum.org/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-regional-middle-east.aspx | {{#if: Region: Middle East-North Africa | Region: Middle East-North Africa }}}}

}}{{#if: | ({{{language}}}) }}{{#if: 

 |  ()

}}{{#if: The Future of the Global Muslim Population 

 | . The Future of the Global Muslim Population

}}{{#if: 

 |  {{{pages}}}

}}{{#if: Pew Research Center 

 | . Pew Research Center{{#if: 
   | 
   | {{#if:  || }}
 }}

}}{{#if: 

 ||{{#if: 
   |  ({{{date}}})
   | {{#if: 
     | {{#if: 
       |  ({{{month}}} {{{year}}})
       |  ({{{year}}})
     }}
   }}
 }}

}}.{{#if: 

 |  Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].

}}{{#if: 22 December 2011 

 |  Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|22 December 2011{{#if:  | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.

}}{{#if: 

 |  Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.

}}{{#if: 

 |  Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.

}}{{#if: 

 |  “{{{quote}}}”

}}</ref> and 15% in Sub-Saharan Africa.<ref name="mgmpPRC" /><ref name="pewmuslim32">{{

  1. if: {{#if: http://pewforum.org/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-regional-sub-saharan-africa.aspx | {{#if: Region: Sub-Saharan Africa |1}}}} 
 ||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified

}}{{

  1. if: 
 | {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if:  |1}}}}
   ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted

}} }}{{#if: 

 | {{#if: 
   | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: 
     | {{{last}}}{{#if:  | , {{{first}}} }}
     | {{{author}}}
   }}]]
   | {{#if: 
     | {{{last}}}{{#if:  | , {{{first}}} }}
     | {{{author}}}
   }}
 }}

}}{{#if: 

 | {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}

}}{{#if: | 

   {{#if: 
   |  ({{{date}}})
   | {{#if: 
     | {{#if: 
       |  ({{{month}}} {{{year}}})
       |  ({{{year}}})
     }}
   }}
 |}}

}}{{#if: 

 | . }}{{
 #if: 
 |  {{{editor}}}:

}}{{#if: 

   | {{#if:  | {{#if: Region: Sub-Saharan Africa | [{{{archiveurl}}} Region: Sub-Saharan Africa] }}}}
   | {{#if: http://pewforum.org/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-regional-sub-saharan-africa.aspx | {{#if: Region: Sub-Saharan Africa | Region: Sub-Saharan Africa }}}}

}}{{#if: | ({{{language}}}) }}{{#if: 

 |  ()

}}{{#if: The Future of the Global Muslim Population 

 | . The Future of the Global Muslim Population

}}{{#if: 

 |  {{{pages}}}

}}{{#if: Pew Research Center 

 | . Pew Research Center{{#if: 
   | 
   | {{#if:  || }}
 }}

}}{{#if: 

 ||{{#if: 
   |  ({{{date}}})
   | {{#if: 
     | {{#if: 
       |  ({{{month}}} {{{year}}})
       |  ({{{year}}})
     }}
   }}
 }}

}}.{{#if: 

 |  Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].

}}{{#if: 22 December 2011 

 |  Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|22 December 2011{{#if:  | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.

}}{{#if: 

 |  Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.

}}{{#if: 

 |  Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.

}}{{#if: 

 |  “{{{quote}}}”

}}</ref><ref>Encyclopædia Britannica. Britannica Book of the Year 2003. Encyclopædia Britannica, (2003) Template:ISBN p.306 According to the Encyclopædia Britannica, as of mid-2002, there were 376,453,000 Christians, 329,869,000 Muslims and 98,734,000 people who practiced traditional religions in Africa. Ian S. Markham, (A World Religions Reader. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 1996.) is cited by Morehouse University as giving the mid-1990s figure of 278,250,800 Muslims in Africa, but still as 40.8% of the total population. These numbers are estimates, and remain a matter of conjecture. See Amadu Jacky Kaba. The spread of Christianity and Islam in Africa: a survey and analysis of the numbers and percentages of Christians, Muslims and those who practice indigenous religions. The Western Journal of Black Studies, Vol 29, Number 2, June 2005. Discusses the estimations of various almanacs and encyclopedium, placing Britannica's estimate as the most agreed figure. Notes the figure presented at the World Christian Encyclopedia, summarized here, as being an outlier. On rates of growth, Islam and Pentecostal Christianity are highest, see: The List: The World's Fastest-Growing Religions, Foreign Policy, May 2007. </ref> Sizable Muslim communities are also found in the Americas, Caucasus, China, Europe, Mainland Southeast Asia, Philippines and Russia.<ref name="pewmuslim12">{{

  1. if: {{#if: http://features.pewforum.org/muslim-population/ | {{#if: Muslim Population by Country |1}}}} 
 ||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified

}}{{

  1. if: https://web.archive.org/web/20110209094904/http://www.pewforum.org/The-Future-of-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx9 February 2011 
 | {{#if: {{#if: https://web.archive.org/web/20110209094904/http://www.pewforum.org/The-Future-of-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx| {{#if: 9 February 2011 |1}}}}
   ||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted

}} }}{{#if: 

 | {{#if: 
   | [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if: 
     | {{{last}}}{{#if:  | , {{{first}}} }}
     | {{{author}}}
   }}]]
   | {{#if: 
     | {{{last}}}{{#if:  | , {{{first}}} }}
     | {{{author}}}
   }}
 }}

}}{{#if: 

 | {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}

}}{{#if: | 

   {{#if: 
   |  ({{{date}}})
   | {{#if: 
     | {{#if: 
       |  ({{{month}}} {{{year}}})
       |  ({{{year}}})
     }}
   }}
 |}}

}}{{#if: 

 | . }}{{
 #if: 
 |  {{{editor}}}:

}}{{#if: https://web.archive.org/web/20110209094904/http://www.pewforum.org/The-Future-of-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx 

   | {{#if: https://web.archive.org/web/20110209094904/http://www.pewforum.org/The-Future-of-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx | {{#if: Muslim Population by Country | Muslim Population by Country }}}}
   | {{#if: http://features.pewforum.org/muslim-population/ | {{#if: Muslim Population by Country | Muslim Population by Country }}}}

}}{{#if: | ({{{language}}}) }}{{#if: 

 |  ()

}}{{#if: The Future of the Global Muslim Population 

 | . The Future of the Global Muslim Population

}}{{#if: 

 |  {{{pages}}}

}}{{#if: Pew Research Center 

 | . Pew Research Center{{#if: 
   | 
   | {{#if:  || }}
 }}

}}{{#if: 

 ||{{#if: 
   |  ({{{date}}})
   | {{#if: 
     | {{#if: 
       |  ({{{month}}} {{{year}}})
       |  ({{{year}}})
     }}
   }}
 }}

}}.{{#if: 9 February 2011 

 |  Archived from the original on 9 February 2011.

}}{{#if: 22 December 2011 

 |  Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|22 December 2011{{#if:  | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.

}}{{#if: 

 |  Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.

}}{{#if: 

 |  Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.

}}{{#if: 

 |  “{{{quote}}}”

}}</ref> Converts and immigrant communities are found in almost every part of the world.

Criticism

See also


Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Islam" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.

Retrieved from "http://artandpopularculture.com/Islam"
Personal tools
Metas