Negativity effect
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| + | In [[psychology]], the '''negativity effect''' is the tendency of people, when evaluating the causes of the behaviors of a person they dislike, to attribute the situations surrounding them as the cause of their ''positive'' behaviors and their inherent disposition as the cause of their ''negative'' behaviors. The negativity effect is the inverse of the ''[[positivity effect]]'', which is found when people evaluate the causes of the behaviors of a person they ''like''. Both effects are [[attributional bias]]es. The negativity effect plays a role in producing the [[fundamental attribution error]], a major contributor to [[prejudice]]. | ||
| - | ** [[Stereotypes of East and Southeast Asians]] | + | The term ''negativity effect'' also refers to the tendency of some people to assign more weight to negative information in descriptions of others. Research has shown that the negativity effect in this sense is quite common, especially with younger people; older adults, however, display less of this tendency and more of the opposite tendency (the ''positivity effect''). |
| - | ** [[Stereotypes of Hispanics]] | + | |
| - | ** [[Stereotypes of Native Americans]] | + | ==See also== |
| - | ** [[Stereotypes of West and Central Asians]] | + | * [[List of cognitive biases]] |
| - | ** [[Stereotypes of blacks]] | + | * [[Trait ascription bias]] |
| - | ** [[Stereotypes of whites]] | + | * [[Victim blaming]] |
| - | * [[Intercultural competence]] | + | |
| - | * [[LGBT stereotypes]] | + | ==References== |
| - | * [[Prejudices]] | + | * Baumeister, R.R., Bratslavsky, E., Fickenauer, C., & Vohs, K.D. (2001). Bad is stronger than good. ''Review of General Psychology'', 5, 323-370. |
| - | * [[Racial profiling]] | + | * Mather, M., & Carstensen, L.L. (2005). Aging and motivated cognition: The positivity effect in attention and memory. ''Trends in Cognitive Sciences'' '''9''', 496-502. [http://people.ucsc.edu/~mather/pdffiles/MatherCarstensen2005.pdf PDF] |
| - | * [[Role]] | + | * [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(74)90034-1 Regan, D.T., Straus, E. & Fazio, R. (1974). Liking and the attribution process. ''Journal of Experimental Social Psychology'' '''10''', 385-397.] |
| - | * [[Stock character]] | + | * Vonk, R. (1993). The negativity effect in trait ratings and in open-ended descriptions of persons. ''[[Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin]]'', 19, 269-278. |
| - | * [[Stigmatization]] | + | |
| - | * [[Stereotype threat]] | + | |
| - | * [[Psychology]]: | + | |
| - | ** [[Negativity effect]] | + | |
| - | ** [[Outgroup homogeneity bias]] | + | |
| - | ** [[Physical attractiveness stereotype]] | + | |
| - | ** [[Trait ascription bias]] | + | |
| {{GFDL}} | {{GFDL}} | ||
Revision as of 08:52, 31 July 2010
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In psychology, the negativity effect is the tendency of people, when evaluating the causes of the behaviors of a person they dislike, to attribute the situations surrounding them as the cause of their positive behaviors and their inherent disposition as the cause of their negative behaviors. The negativity effect is the inverse of the positivity effect, which is found when people evaluate the causes of the behaviors of a person they like. Both effects are attributional biases. The negativity effect plays a role in producing the fundamental attribution error, a major contributor to prejudice.
The term negativity effect also refers to the tendency of some people to assign more weight to negative information in descriptions of others. Research has shown that the negativity effect in this sense is quite common, especially with younger people; older adults, however, display less of this tendency and more of the opposite tendency (the positivity effect).
See also
References
- Baumeister, R.R., Bratslavsky, E., Fickenauer, C., & Vohs, K.D. (2001). Bad is stronger than good. Review of General Psychology, 5, 323-370.
- Mather, M., & Carstensen, L.L. (2005). Aging and motivated cognition: The positivity effect in attention and memory. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 9, 496-502. PDF
- Regan, D.T., Straus, E. & Fazio, R. (1974). Liking and the attribution process. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 10, 385-397.
- Vonk, R. (1993). The negativity effect in trait ratings and in open-ended descriptions of persons. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 19, 269-278.
