Nonconformity
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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"Surrealism, such as I conceive of it, asserts our complete nonconformism clearly enough so that there can be no question of translating it, at the trial of the real world, as evidence for the defense."--first Surrealist Manifesto (1924) by André Breton "Th[e] psychological need to conform and be “normal” at the social level, in general, and the political level, in particular, was beautifully portrayed by playrights like Ionesco (Rhinoceros, 1959) and film directors like Bertolucci (The Conformist, 1970)."--Takis Fotopoulos |
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In English history, a non-conformist is any member of a Protestant congregation not affiliated with the Church of England.
The term has come to refer to any person who refuses to conform to a set of beliefs, common standards, conventions, rules, customs, traditions, norms or laws or practices of a greater national entity, society, culture, or established church.
If the issue is considered critical, such as issues perceived to be related to loyalty to a nation or support for current laws, the non-conformist is often termed a "rebel" of a society and may be considered dangerous to maintaining social order. Unlike an anti-conformist, who chooses not to conform to society simply for the sake of not conforming, a non-conformist chooses to not conform to society because of differences in beliefs.
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Nonconformism in the arts
Nonconformism is often displayed by artists, either in the innovation of new styles and schools of artistic expression or in the personal habits and behavior of an artist. One famous example of a nonconformist movement in art was Surrealism, the tenets of which operate outside of limitations dictated by reason, aesthetics or morality. In the Surrealist Manifesto, Andre Breton wrote, "Surrealism, such as I conceive of it, asserts our complete nonconformism clearly enough so that there can be no question of translating it, at the trial of the real world, as evidence for the defense." Many Surrealists, and among them especially Salvador Dalí, were famous for their bizarre nonconformist behavior.
Nonconformity or nonconformism may refer to:
Culture and society
- Insubordination, the act of willfully disobeying an order of one's superior
- Dissent, a sentiment or philosophy of non-agreement or opposition to a prevailing idea or entity
- Organizational dissent, the expression of disagreement or contradictory opinions about organizational practices and policies
- Dissenter, one who disagrees in matters of opinion, belief, etc
- Counterculture, a subculture whose values and norms of behavior differ substantially from those of mainstream society, often in direct opposition
- Bohemianism, the practice of an unconventional lifestyle, often in the company of like-minded people and with few permanent ties
- Non-conformists of the 1930s, an avantgarde movement during the inter-war period in France
- Counterculture of the 1960s
- Civil disobedience, the active, professed refusal of a citizen to comply with certain laws, demands, or commands of a government
Christianity
- Nonconformist (Protestantism), the state of Protestants in England and Wales who do not adhere to the Church of England
- Nonconformity to the world, a Christian principle important especially among Anabaptist groups
Other
- Nonconformity (quality), a term in quality management
- A type of unconformity in geology
- Nonconformity (Nelson Algren book), a 1950s essay published in 1996
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