Organizational studies  

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Organizational studies is "the examination of how individuals construct organizational structures, processes, and practices and how these, in turn, shape social relations and create institutions that ultimately influence people".

Organizational studies comprise different areas that deal with the different aspects of the organizations, many of the approaches are functionalist but critical research also provide alternative frame for understanding in the field. Fundamental to the study of management is organizational change.

With the recent historical turn, there is growing interest in historical organization studies, promising a closer union between organizational and historical research whose validity derives from historical veracity and conceptual rigor, enhancing understanding of historical, contemporary and future-directed social realities.

Subfields

• Organizational behavior
• Organizational culture
• Organizational ecology
• Organizational learning
• Organizational psychology
• Organizational theory

Theories and models of organizational studies

Decision making

• Mintzberg's managerial roles
• Rational Decision-Making Model
• Scientific management
• Garbage Can Model

Organization structures and dynamics

• Bureaucracy
• Complexity theory and organizations
• Contingency theory
• Evolutionary Theory and organizations
• Hybrid organisation
• Incentive theory (organization)
• Informal Organization
• Institutional theory
• Merger integration
• Organizational ecology
• Model of Organizational Citizenship behaviour
• Model of organizational justice
• Model of Organizational Misbehaviour
• Resource dependence theory
• Transaction cost
• Hofstede's Framework for Assessing Cultures
• Mintzberg's Organigraph

Personality traits theories

• Big Five personality traits
• Holland's Typology of Personality and Congruent Occupations
• Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Control and stress modelling

• Herzberg's Two factor theory
• Theory X and Theory Y

Motivation in organizations

Motivation the forces either internal or external to a person that arouse enthusiasm and resistance to pursue a certain course of action. According to Baron et al. (2008)<ref>Baron, Robert A., and Greenberg, Jerald. Behavior in organizations – 9th edition. Pearson Education Inc., New Jersey: 2008. p.248</ref>: "Although motivation is a broad and complex concept, organizational scientists have agreed on its basic characteristics. Drawing from various social sciences, we define motivation as the set of processes that arouse, direct, and maintain human behavior toward attaining some goal"

There are many different motivation theories such as:

• Attribution theory
• Equity theory
• Maslow's hierarchy of needs
• Incentive theory (psychology)
• Model of emotional labor in organizations
• Frederick Herzberg two-factor theory