Pacifism
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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| + | "According to Karlheinz Deschner in ''[[Kriminalgeschichte des Christentums]]'', emperor [[Constantine the Great|Constantine I]] turned "the church of [[Pacifism|pacifist]]s into a church of battlefield-[[shaveling]]s, in original German turned "die Kirche der Pazifisten zur Kirche der Feldpfaffen"."--Sholem Stein | ||
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| - | '''Pacifism''' is the opposition to [[war]] or [[violence]] as a means of settling disputes or gaining advantage. Pacifism covers a spectrum of views ranging from the belief that international disputes can and should be peacefully resolved; to calls for the abolition of the institutions of the military and war; to opposition to any organization of society through governmental force ([[anarchist]] or [[libertarian]] pacifism); to rejection of the use of physical violence to obtain political, economic or social goals; to opposition to violence under any circumstance, including defense of self and others. | + | '''Pacifism''' is opposition to [[war]], [[militarism]], or [[violence]]. The word ''pacifism'' was coined by the French peace campaigner [[Émile Arnaud]] (1864–1921) and adopted by other peace activists at the tenth Universal Peace Congress in [[Glasgow]] in 1901. A related term is ''[[ahimsa]]'' (to do no harm), which is a core philosophy in [[Hinduism]], [[Buddhism]], and [[Jainism]]. While modern connotations are recent, having been explicated since the 19th century, ancient references abound. |
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| + | In modern times, interest was revived by [[Leo Tolstoy]] in his late works, particularly in ''[[The Kingdom of God Is Within You]]''. [[Mohandas Gandhi]] (1869–1948) propounded the practice of steadfast [[nonviolent resistance|nonviolent opposition]] which he called "[[satyagraha]]", instrumental in its role in the [[Indian Independence Movement]]. Its effectiveness served as inspiration to [[Martin Luther King Jr.]], [[James Lawson (American activist)|James Lawson]], [[James Bevel]], [[Thich Nhat Hanh]] and many others in the [[civil rights movement]]. | ||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| * [[Ahimsa]] | * [[Ahimsa]] | ||
| * [[Antimilitarism]] | * [[Antimilitarism]] | ||
| - | * [[Anti-war]] | ||
| * [[Anti-war movement]] | * [[Anti-war movement]] | ||
| * [[Anarchism]] | * [[Anarchism]] | ||
| * [[Aparigraha]] | * [[Aparigraha]] | ||
| * [[Appeasement]] | * [[Appeasement]] | ||
| + | * [[Buddhism]] | ||
| * [[Catholic peace traditions]] | * [[Catholic peace traditions]] | ||
| - | * [[Christian anarchism]] | ||
| * [[Christian pacifism]] | * [[Christian pacifism]] | ||
| * [[Christian Peacemaker Teams]] | * [[Christian Peacemaker Teams]] | ||
| - | * [[Civil resistance]] | + | * [[Criticism of the War on Terror]] |
| - | * [[Criticisms of the War on Terrorism]] | + | |
| * [[Conscientious objector]] | * [[Conscientious objector]] | ||
| + | * [[Demilitarisation]] | ||
| * [[Die-in]] | * [[Die-in]] | ||
| * [[Hélder Câmara]] | * [[Hélder Câmara]] | ||
| * [[Jainism]] | * [[Jainism]] | ||
| + | * [[Jehovah's Witnesses]] | ||
| * [[Jewish Peace Fellowship]] | * [[Jewish Peace Fellowship]] | ||
| * [[Khudai Khidmatgar]] | * [[Khudai Khidmatgar]] | ||
| * [[List of pacifist faiths]] | * [[List of pacifist faiths]] | ||
| - | * Martialism | + | * [[List of peace activists]] |
| * [[Militarism]] | * [[Militarism]] | ||
| - | * [[Multilateralism]] | ||
| * [[Nuclear-free zone]] | * [[Nuclear-free zone]] | ||
| + | * [[Non-aggression principle]] | ||
| + | * [[Non-belligerent]] | ||
| * [[Nonkilling]] | * [[Nonkilling]] | ||
| * [[Nonresistance]] | * [[Nonresistance]] | ||
| * [[Nonviolence]] | * [[Nonviolence]] | ||
| * [[Nonviolent resistance]] | * [[Nonviolent resistance]] | ||
| - | * [[Opposition to the Vietnam War]] | + | * [[Opposition to the Iraq War]] |
| + | * [[Opposition to the U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War]] | ||
| * [[Pacifist organisation]] | * [[Pacifist organisation]] | ||
| * [[Pacifist Socialist Party]] | * [[Pacifist Socialist Party]] | ||
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| * [[Peace and conflict studies]] | * [[Peace and conflict studies]] | ||
| * [[Peace camp]] | * [[Peace camp]] | ||
| + | * [[Peace education]] | ||
| * [[Peace churches]] | * [[Peace churches]] | ||
| * [[Peace Pledge Union]] | * [[Peace Pledge Union]] | ||
| * [[Pentecostal Charismatic Peace Fellowship]] | * [[Pentecostal Charismatic Peace Fellowship]] | ||
| - | * [[Popular opposition to the 2003 Iraq war]] | + | * [[Protests against the Iraq War]] |
| - | * [[Prison abolition]] | + | |
| - | * [[Protests against the 2003 Iraq war]] | + | |
| * [[Quakers]] | * [[Quakers]] | ||
| - | * [[Roerich Pact]] | + | * [[Religion and peacebuilding]] |
| - | * [[Rule of law]] | + | * [[Rule according to higher law]] |
| - | * [[Rule According to Higher Law]] | + | |
| * [[Satyagraha]] | * [[Satyagraha]] | ||
| * [[Social defence]] | * [[Social defence]] | ||
| * [[Soka University of America]] | * [[Soka University of America]] | ||
| * [[Tax resistance]] | * [[Tax resistance]] | ||
| + | * [[Third Party Non-violent Intervention]] | ||
| * [[Unitarian Universalist Association]] | * [[Unitarian Universalist Association]] | ||
| - | * [[Weak theology]] | ||
| * [[World government]] | * [[World government]] | ||
| * [[Visigothic Code]] | * [[Visigothic Code]] | ||
| - | |||
| {{GFDL}} | {{GFDL}} | ||
Current revision
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"According to Karlheinz Deschner in Kriminalgeschichte des Christentums, emperor Constantine I turned "the church of pacifists into a church of battlefield-shavelings, in original German turned "die Kirche der Pazifisten zur Kirche der Feldpfaffen"."--Sholem Stein |
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Featured: |
Pacifism is opposition to war, militarism, or violence. The word pacifism was coined by the French peace campaigner Émile Arnaud (1864–1921) and adopted by other peace activists at the tenth Universal Peace Congress in Glasgow in 1901. A related term is ahimsa (to do no harm), which is a core philosophy in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. While modern connotations are recent, having been explicated since the 19th century, ancient references abound.
In modern times, interest was revived by Leo Tolstoy in his late works, particularly in The Kingdom of God Is Within You. Mohandas Gandhi (1869–1948) propounded the practice of steadfast nonviolent opposition which he called "satyagraha", instrumental in its role in the Indian Independence Movement. Its effectiveness served as inspiration to Martin Luther King Jr., James Lawson, James Bevel, Thich Nhat Hanh and many others in the civil rights movement.
[edit]
See also
- Ahimsa
- Antimilitarism
- Anti-war movement
- Anarchism
- Aparigraha
- Appeasement
- Buddhism
- Catholic peace traditions
- Christian pacifism
- Christian Peacemaker Teams
- Criticism of the War on Terror
- Conscientious objector
- Demilitarisation
- Die-in
- Hélder Câmara
- Jainism
- Jehovah's Witnesses
- Jewish Peace Fellowship
- Khudai Khidmatgar
- List of pacifist faiths
- List of peace activists
- Militarism
- Nuclear-free zone
- Non-aggression principle
- Non-belligerent
- Nonkilling
- Nonresistance
- Nonviolence
- Nonviolent resistance
- Opposition to the Iraq War
- Opposition to the U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War
- Pacifist organisation
- Pacifist Socialist Party
- Peace
- Peace and conflict studies
- Peace camp
- Peace education
- Peace churches
- Peace Pledge Union
- Pentecostal Charismatic Peace Fellowship
- Protests against the Iraq War
- Quakers
- Religion and peacebuilding
- Rule according to higher law
- Satyagraha
- Social defence
- Soka University of America
- Tax resistance
- Third Party Non-violent Intervention
- Unitarian Universalist Association
- World government
- Visigothic Code
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Pacifism" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
