Pattern recognition
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Pattern recognition is a sub-topic of machine learning. It is "the act of taking in raw data and taking an action based on the category of the data". Most research in pattern recognition is about methods for supervised learning and unsupervised learning.
Pattern recognition aims to classify data (patterns) based either on a priori knowledge or on statistical information extracted from the patterns. The patterns to be classified are usually groups of measurements or observations, defining points in an appropriate multidimensional space. This is in contrast to pattern matching, where the pattern is rigidly specified.
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