Philosophy of science
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| + | "And, irrespective of what one might assume, in the life of a [[science]], problems do not arise by themselves. It is precisely this that marks out a problem as being of the true scientific spirit: all knowledge is in response to a question. If there were no question, there would be no scientific knowledge. Nothing proceeds from itself. Nothing is given. All is constructed." --Gaston Bachelard (''[[La formation de l'esprit scientifique]]'') | ||
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| + | [[Image:Diagram of the human mind, from Robert Fludd (1574-1637), Utriusque cosmic maioris scilicet et minoris metaphysica.jpg|thumb|right|200px| | ||
| + | This page '''{{PAGENAME}}''' is part of the ''[[science]]'' pages. | ||
| + | <br> | ||
| + | Illustration: Diagram of the human mind, from ''[[Utriusque cosmi maioris scilicet et minoris metaphysica]]'', page 217[http://www.archive.org/stream/utriusquecosmima02flud#page/217/mode/1up] by [[Robert Fludd]]]] | ||
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| '''Philosophy of science''' is the study of [[assumption]]s, [[foundation]]s, and [[implication]]s of [[science]]. The philosophy of science may be divided into two areas: [[Epistemology]] of science and [[metaphysics]] of science. | '''Philosophy of science''' is the study of [[assumption]]s, [[foundation]]s, and [[implication]]s of [[science]]. The philosophy of science may be divided into two areas: [[Epistemology]] of science and [[metaphysics]] of science. | ||
| + | ==See also== | ||
| + | * [[Epistemology]] | ||
| + | * [[Foundations of statistics]] | ||
| + | * [[History and philosophy of science]] | ||
| + | * [[History of science]] | ||
| + | * [[Inquiry]] | ||
| + | * [[Objectivity (philosophy)]] | ||
| + | * [[Philosophy of language]] | ||
| + | * [[Philosophy of mathematics]] | ||
| + | * [[Philosophy of engineering]] | ||
| + | * [[Positivism (philosophy)|Positivism]] | ||
| + | * [[Science studies]] | ||
| + | * [[Scientific materialism]] | ||
| + | * [[Scientific method]] | ||
| + | * [[Scientism]] | ||
| + | * [[Social construction]] | ||
| + | * [[Sociology of scientific knowledge]] | ||
| + | * [[Sociology of science]] | ||
| + | * [[Timeline of the history of scientific method]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Philosophers of science=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | Before the 16th century | ||
| + | * [[Plato]] | ||
| + | * [[Aristotle]] | ||
| + | * [[Empedocles]] | ||
| + | * [[Ibn al-Haytham]] (Alhacen) | ||
| + | * [[Robert Grosseteste]] | ||
| + | * [[Roger Bacon]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | 16th century | ||
| + | * [[Francis Bacon (philosopher)|Sir Francis Bacon]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | 17th century | ||
| + | * [[Galileo Galilei]] | ||
| + | * [[René Descartes]] | ||
| + | * [[Sir Isaac Newton]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | 18th century | ||
| + | * [[George Berkeley]] | ||
| + | * [[Immanuel Kant]] | ||
| + | * [[David Hume]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | 19th century | ||
| + | * [[Auguste Comte]] | ||
| + | * [[John Stuart Mill]] | ||
| + | * [[William Whewell]] | ||
| + | * [[Edmund Husserl]] | ||
| + | * [[Ernst Mach]] | ||
| + | * [[Charles Sanders Peirce]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | 1900-1930 | ||
| + | * [[Henri Poincaré]] | ||
| + | * [[Pierre Duhem]] | ||
| + | * [[Niels Bohr]] | ||
| + | * [[Albert Einstein]] | ||
| + | * [[Bertrand Russell]] | ||
| + | * [[Frank P. Ramsey]] | ||
| + | * [[Moritz Schlick]] | ||
| + | * [[John Dewey]] | ||
| + | * [[Alfred North Whitehead]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | 1930-1960 | ||
| + | * [[Alfred Ayer]] | ||
| + | * [[Hans Reichenbach]] | ||
| + | * [[Georges Canguilhem]] | ||
| + | * [[Alexandre Koyré]] | ||
| + | * [[Karl Popper|Sir Karl Popper]] | ||
| + | * [[Rudolph Carnap]] | ||
| + | * [[Michael Polanyi]] | ||
| + | * [[Otto Neurath]] | ||
| + | * [[Carl Gustav Hempel]] | ||
| + | * [[Paul Oppenheim]] | ||
| + | * [[Gaston Bachelard]] | ||
| + | * [[R. B. Braithwaite]] | ||
| + | * [[Werner Heisenberg]] | ||
| + | * [[Taketani Mitsuo]] | ||
| + | * [[Stephen Toulmin]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | 1960-1980 | ||
| + | * [[Paul Feyerabend]] | ||
| + | * [[Mary Hesse]] | ||
| + | * [[Thomas Kuhn]] | ||
| + | * [[Imre Lakatos]] | ||
| + | * [[Ernest Nagel]] | ||
| + | * [[Hilary Putnam]] | ||
| + | * [[W.V. Quine]] | ||
| + | * [[Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker]] | ||
| + | * [[Mario Bunge]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | 1980-2000 | ||
| + | * [[Helen Longino]] | ||
| + | * [[Sandra Harding]] | ||
| + | * [[Patrick Suppes]] | ||
| + | * [[Bas van Fraassen]] | ||
| + | * [[Nancy Cartwright (philosopher)|Nancy Cartwright]] | ||
| + | * [[Larry Laudan]] | ||
| + | * [[Adolf Grünbaum]] | ||
| + | * [[Nancey Murphy]] | ||
| + | * [[Wesley C. Salmon]] | ||
| + | * [[Ronald Giere]] | ||
| + | * [[Peter Lipton]] | ||
| + | * [[Ian Hacking]] | ||
| + | * [[Richard Boyd]] | ||
| + | * [[Ernan McMullin]] | ||
| + | * [[Daniel Dennett]] | ||
| + | * [[David Stove]] | ||
| + | * [[Roger Penrose]] | ||
| + | * [[Wolfgang Stegmüller]] | ||
| + | * [[Philip Kitcher]] | ||
| + | * [[John Dupré]] | ||
| + | * [[Elliott Sober]] | ||
| + | * [[Peter Godfrey-Smith]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Subfields=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | * [[Philosophy of biology]] | ||
| + | * [[Philosophy of chemistry]] | ||
| + | * [[Philosophy of physics]] | ||
| + | * [[Philosophy of psychology]] | ||
| + | * [[Neurophilosophy]] | ||
| + | * [[Philosophy of social sciences]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Related topics=== | ||
| + | * [[Curve fitting]] | ||
| + | * [[Explanation]] | ||
| + | * [[Free will and determinism]] | ||
| + | * [[Philosophy of mathematics]] | ||
| + | * [[Philosophy of space and time]] | ||
| + | * [[Problem of induction]] | ||
| + | * [[Science Wars]] | ||
| + | * [[Simplicity]] | ||
| + | * [[Uniformitarianism (science)]] | ||
| + | * [[Unobservables]] | ||
| + | * [[Rhetoric of science]] | ||
| + | |||
| {{GFDL}} | {{GFDL}} | ||
Current revision
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"And, irrespective of what one might assume, in the life of a science, problems do not arise by themselves. It is precisely this that marks out a problem as being of the true scientific spirit: all knowledge is in response to a question. If there were no question, there would be no scientific knowledge. Nothing proceeds from itself. Nothing is given. All is constructed." --Gaston Bachelard (La formation de l'esprit scientifique) |
![This page Philosophy of science is part of the science pages. Illustration: Diagram of the human mind, from Utriusque cosmi maioris scilicet et minoris metaphysica, page 217[1] by Robert Fludd](/Image:Diagram_of_the_human_mind%2C_from_Robert_Fludd_%281574-1637%29%2C_Utriusque_cosmic_maioris_scilicet_et_minoris_metaphysica.jpg)
Illustration: Diagram of the human mind, from Utriusque cosmi maioris scilicet et minoris metaphysica, page 217[1] by Robert Fludd
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Philosophy of science is the study of assumptions, foundations, and implications of science. The philosophy of science may be divided into two areas: Epistemology of science and metaphysics of science.
Contents |
[edit]
See also
- Epistemology
- Foundations of statistics
- History and philosophy of science
- History of science
- Inquiry
- Objectivity (philosophy)
- Philosophy of language
- Philosophy of mathematics
- Philosophy of engineering
- Positivism
- Science studies
- Scientific materialism
- Scientific method
- Scientism
- Social construction
- Sociology of scientific knowledge
- Sociology of science
- Timeline of the history of scientific method
[edit]
Philosophers of science
Before the 16th century
16th century
17th century
18th century
19th century
1900-1930
- Henri Poincaré
- Pierre Duhem
- Niels Bohr
- Albert Einstein
- Bertrand Russell
- Frank P. Ramsey
- Moritz Schlick
- John Dewey
- Alfred North Whitehead
1930-1960
- Alfred Ayer
- Hans Reichenbach
- Georges Canguilhem
- Alexandre Koyré
- Sir Karl Popper
- Rudolph Carnap
- Michael Polanyi
- Otto Neurath
- Carl Gustav Hempel
- Paul Oppenheim
- Gaston Bachelard
- R. B. Braithwaite
- Werner Heisenberg
- Taketani Mitsuo
- Stephen Toulmin
1960-1980
- Paul Feyerabend
- Mary Hesse
- Thomas Kuhn
- Imre Lakatos
- Ernest Nagel
- Hilary Putnam
- W.V. Quine
- Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker
- Mario Bunge
1980-2000
- Helen Longino
- Sandra Harding
- Patrick Suppes
- Bas van Fraassen
- Nancy Cartwright
- Larry Laudan
- Adolf Grünbaum
- Nancey Murphy
- Wesley C. Salmon
- Ronald Giere
- Peter Lipton
- Ian Hacking
- Richard Boyd
- Ernan McMullin
- Daniel Dennett
- David Stove
- Roger Penrose
- Wolfgang Stegmüller
- Philip Kitcher
- John Dupré
- Elliott Sober
- Peter Godfrey-Smith
[edit]
Subfields
- Philosophy of biology
- Philosophy of chemistry
- Philosophy of physics
- Philosophy of psychology
- Neurophilosophy
- Philosophy of social sciences
[edit]
Related topics
- Curve fitting
- Explanation
- Free will and determinism
- Philosophy of mathematics
- Philosophy of space and time
- Problem of induction
- Science Wars
- Simplicity
- Uniformitarianism (science)
- Unobservables
- Rhetoric of science
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Philosophy of science" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
